Co-administration of a Hepatitis B vaccine with CpG-ODN 2395 induces a stronger immune response in BALB/c mice

There is little evidence of how the adjuvanted Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccine, cytosine phosphoguanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), affects the immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective CpG ODN adjuvant and evaluate the effects of five CpG ODNs in BALB/c mice that had received the HBV vaccine. In all, 36 female BALB/c mice were used in this lab-based experiment. The mice were divided into 12 groups and given intramuscular vaccinations. Following vaccination, all groups were monitored for 14 and 28 days. After 28 days (p value &lt; 0.0001), the vaccinated groups supplemented with CpG 2395 showed a substantial 4.4-fold elevation in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) value of 14.1 compared to the vaccine group only (S/N = 3.22). Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for cytokine profiling, mice inoculated with both the vaccine and CpG ODNs showed reduced TNF-α levels and elevated IL-6 expression levels, which were normalized using the housekeeping gene HPRT 1. But the difference in IL-6 levels between the treated groups was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.3). All treatment groups' toxicity parameters fell within the usual range. These findings led us to the conclusion that the HBV vaccine containing CpG ODN 2395 may strengthen the body's defenses against HBV infection.<br>