Biomarker levels in mothers of cases and controls.

‡Biomarkers were measured on cryopreserved plasma from blood samples collected from mothers within 96 hours of delivery.* Mothers of cases (infants who were stunted at 18 months of age) and mothers of controls (infants who were not stunted at 18 months of age).†Data shown are mean and standard deviation (SD) apart from IL-6, which was not normally distributed even after log transformation; data for IL-6 are therefore medians with interquartile range. For normally distributed biomarkers, unadjusted differences between means were compared using the two-sample t-test. For IL-6, unadjusted differences between medians were compared using the cendif command in Stata [21].#Differences are biomarker values in mothers of cases minus values in mothers of controls.** For normally distributed biomarkers, adjusted differences between means were calculated using an ordinary least-squares regression model. For IL-6, adjusted differences between medians were calculated using a median regression model. The covariates used to calculate adjusted differences in maternal biomarkers were maternal height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference and education.IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP3: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; CRP: C-reactive protein; AGP: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.