CRITIQUE OF AUTHORITY AND SOCIETY IN THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA (LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

This article examines the evolution of critical thought in the Emirate of Bukhara at the turn of the century. Drawing on the works of Ahmad Donish, Abdurauf Fitrat, and the diaries of Sadri Ziyo, it analyzes the systemic crisis of the Manghit despotism. Particular attention is paid to Jadid criticism of administrative arbitrariness, corruption in the judicial system, and the stagnation of Islamic education. This article is relevant in that it primarily examines the views of local authors closely connected to the political situation in the Emirate from within, and does not consider an Orientalist perspective.