Decoding the formation of barred olivine chondrules: Realization of numerical replication

Millimeter-sized silicate spherules embedded in primitive meteorites,
namely, "chondrules", are the primary solid component of the
early solar nebula. They exhibit distinctive solidification textures,
formed through rapid cooling from a molten state. The formation conditions
of these textures have primarily been inferred based on dynamic
crystallization experiments; however, the theoretical verification of the
solidification process has been largely neglected. Here, we conducted
numerical simulations of the solidification of chondrule melt, and
successfully reproduced a crystal growth pattern resembling a typical
barred olivine chondrule texture. This pattern emerged under conditions of
rapid cooling, exceeding 10^4 K/hr, which is significantly larger than
those inferred experimentally. These results suggest that theories of
chondrule formation in the nebula, which have been developed based on
experimental results, should be re-examined.