High Frequency Phone Survey on Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) 2021 - Burkina Faso

Abstract
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The COVID-19 pandemic is significantly having short term and long term impact on Burkinabe households’ welfare, impacting households through at least three broad channels: (i) the income/employment channel, which includes both labor and non-labor income, (ii) the price channel, and (iii) the long-term human capital channel. Most of these impacts are related to the direct health effect, but also to the containment measures that systematically altered socio-economic activities, resulting in a reduction of income across the board. Due to the urgent need for timely data and the limits on face-to-face surveys, the World Bank and the National Institute of Statistics and Demography (INSD) decided to implement a high-frequency phone survey of national households (HFPS) (https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3768) to monitor the effects of COVID-19 on households, leveraging the available household phone number in the 2018/19 Enquete Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM).
In Burkina Faso, the forcibly displaced persons (FDP) include both refugees and internal displaced population. For security related issues, FDPs are predominantly internal displaced people (IDPs). According to recent studies, the number of internally displaced people soared from 87,000 in January 2019 to over 1 million in August 2020, an increase of more than 1000 per cent (Conseil National de Secours d'Urgence et de Réhabilitation – CONASUR, 2020). The unprecedented levels of displacement occurred as the coronavirus pandemic worsens an already critical humanitarian crisis in the violence-stricken country. This critical situation calls for the need of timely data and analysis especially during a pandemic for this vulnerable group in order to better inform policy and targeting programs. Given the mutual interest of the INSD, WB-UNHCR Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), UNHCR, and World Bank, decision was made to further expand the sample of the high-frequency phone survey of national households (HFPS) to include IDPs for a total of three consecutive rounds.
The core survey questionnaire of the Burkina Faso High Frequency Phone Survey on IDPs (BFA HFPS-IDP) is designed to cover important and relevant topics like employment, access to basic services and items, and non-labor sources of income. The core questionnaire is complemented by questions on selected topics that rotate each month, including knowledge of Covid-19 spread, social distancing and behavior, coping mechanisms to shocks, fragility, conflict and violence. Selected topics may be investigated more in detail in specific rounds.

The BFA HFPS-IDP is fielded alongside the Burkina Faso Covid-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of national households. Rounds 1, 2 and 3 of data collection for the HFPS-IDP occur simultaneously with round 9, 10 and 11 of the national HFPS operation, respectively.

Geographic coverage
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The survey covers households from 9 of the 13 regions of Burkina Faso. These regions are: Boucle de Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau Central, and Sahel.

Analysis unit
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- Households
- Individual

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The IDP sample is drawn from an IDP database named CONASUR database which serves as the sampling frame. The CONASUR has been developed and supported by the government of Burkina Faso with the technical and financial support of development partners, including UNHCR, IOM and OCHA. The CONASUR database is updated regularly, and has exhaustive list of refugees and IDPs, along with few socio-demographic characteristics, as well as information on the phone numbers of households. The sample is drawn from the 9 regions (out of 12) where the presence of IDPs is more relevant: Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau Central, Sahel. It is important to note that the BFA HFPS-IDPs is representative of households that have access to phones. Taken that into consideration, a key concern is the bias introduced by sampling households with at least a phone number, as phone penetration in some regions/areas might be limited. However, according to data from the CONASUR database, the percentage of households with at least one phone number is very high, accounting for above the 74% in all the sampled regions.
To account for non-response and attrition, 1500 households were selected in baseline round of the HFS. 1,166 households were fully interviewed during the first round of interviews. The final successful sample have been contacted in subsequent rounds of the survey.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument
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ROUND 1: Household Respondent’s information; Access to Basic Services; Employment and revenues; Food Security and Other revenues.
ROUND 2: Household Respondent’s information; Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19; Behavior and social distancing; Covid-19 Testing and Vaccination; Access to Basic Services; Credit; Employment and revenue (with a focus on livestock activities); Food Security; Other revenues; Shocks; Concerns regarding the impact of COVID-19 on personal health and financial wealth of the household; Fragility, Conflict and Violence.
ROUND 3: Household Respondent’s information; Early Child Development; Access to Basic Services; Employment and revenue (with a focus on agricultural activities); Food Security; Other revenues; Concerns regarding the current situation; Social Safety Nets.
All the interview materials were translated in French for the INSD. The questionnaire was administered in local languages with about varying length (about 25 minutes).

Cleaning operations
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At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the INSD with the support of the WB team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.

Response rate
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BASELINE (ROUND 1): All 1500 households were called in the baseline round of the phone survey. 73.75 percent of sampled households were successfully contacted. Of those contacted, 1,156 households were fully interviewed. These 1,156 households constitute the final successful sample and will be contacted in subsequent rounds of the survey.

ROUND 2: Interviewers attempted to contact and interview all 1,156 households that were successfully interviewed in the Round 1 of the BFA COVID-19 HFPS. 1,114 households (96.3% of the 1,156 attempted) were contacted and 1,112 (96.1%) were successfully interviewed in the second round. Of those contacted, 2 households did not answer due to a language barrier.

ROUND 3: Interviewers attempted to contact and interview all 1,112 households that were successfully interviewed in the Round 2 of the BFA COVID-19 HFPS. 1,051 households (94.53% of the 1,112 attempted) were contacted and 1,048 (94.24%) were successfully interviewed in the third round. Of those contacted, 1 household refused the interview and 2 were only partially interviewed.

RESPONDENTS: Each round of the Burkina Faso COVID-19 HFPS has ONE RESPONDENT per household. The respondent was the household head or a knowledgeable adult household member. The respondent must be a member of the household. Unlike many other household surveys, interviewers were not expected to seek out other household members to provide their own information. The respondent may still consult with other household members as needed to respond to the questions, including to provide all the necessary information on each household member.

Interviewers were instructed to make every effort to reach the same respondent in subsequent rounds of the survey, in order to maintain the consistency of the information collected. However, in cases where the previous respondent was not available, interviewers would identify another knowledgeable adult household member to interview.

摘要
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COVID-19疫情对布基纳法索家庭福利产生了显著的影响，这种影响至少通过以下三个广泛渠道进行：一、收入/就业渠道，包括劳动和非劳动收入；二、价格渠道；三、长期人力资本渠道。这些影响中的大多数与直接的健康效应有关，但也与旨在系统地改变社会经济活动的防控措施有关，导致收入普遍下降。鉴于对及时数据的迫切需求以及面对面调查的限制，世界银行和国家统计局（INSD）决定实施高频电话家庭调查（HFPS）（https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3768），以监测COVID-19对家庭的影响，利用2018/19年家庭生活状况综合调查（EHCVM）中可用的家庭电话号码。
在布基纳法索，被迫流离失所者（FDP）包括难民和国内流离失所者。由于安全问题，FDP主要是国内流离失所者（IDP）。根据最近的研究，国内流离失所者的数量从2019年1月的8.7万人激增至2020年8月的100多万人，增幅超过1000%（国家紧急救援和康复委员会 – CONASUR，2020）。这种前所未有的流离失所水平发生在冠状病毒大流行加剧了这个饱受暴力摧残国家已处于危急状态的人道主义危机之际。这一关键情况要求在疫情期间，特别是对于这一脆弱群体，及时的数据和分析，以便更好地制定政策和目标项目。鉴于国家统计局（INSD）、世界银行-联合国难民署联合数据中心（JDC）、联合国难民署和世界银行的共同利益，决定进一步扩大高频电话家庭调查（HFPS）的样本量，包括IDP，共计三个连续回合。
布基纳法索国内流离失所者高频电话调查（BFA HFPS-IDP）的核心调查问卷旨在涵盖就业、基本服务及物品获取、非劳动收入来源等重要和相关的主题。核心问卷辅以每月轮换的选定主题问题，包括COVID-19传播知识、社交距离和行为、应对冲击机制、脆弱性、冲突和暴力。选定主题可能在特定回合中更详细地调查。
BFA HFPS-IDP的调查与布基纳法索COVID-19高频电话国家家庭调查同时进行。HFPS-IDP的数据收集第1、2、3轮分别与国家HFPS操作的第9、10、11轮同时进行。
地理覆盖范围
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调查涵盖了布基纳法索13个地区中的9个地区。这些地区是：Boucle de Mouhoun、Cascades、Centre-Est、Centre-Nord、Est、Hauts-Bassins、Nord、Plateau Central和Sahel。
分析单位
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- 家庭
- 个人
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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IDP样本是从名为CONASUR数据库的IDP数据库中抽取的，该数据库作为抽样框架。CONASUR是在布基纳法索政府的领导下，在联合国难民署、国际移民组织（IOM）和联合国人道主义事务协调办公室（OCHA）的技术和财务支持下开发的。CONASUR数据库定期更新，包括详尽的难民和IDP名单，以及少数社会人口统计数据，以及家庭电话号码信息。样本是从12个地区中的9个地区抽取的，这些地区IDP的存在更为相关：Boucle du Mouhoun、Cascades、Centre-Est、Centre-Nord、Est、Hauts-Bassins、Nord、Plateau Central、Sahel。值得注意的是，BFA HFPS-IDP代表的是能够获取电话的家庭。考虑到这一点，一个关键问题是抽样时引入的至少拥有一个电话号码家庭的偏差，因为在一些地区/地区，电话普及率可能有限。然而，根据CONASUR数据库的数据，所有抽样地区中至少有一个电话号码的家庭比例非常高，占所有抽样地区的74%以上。
为了解决非响应和流失问题，在HFS基线轮次中选择了1500个家庭。在第一轮访谈中，共有1166个家庭接受了全面访谈。在随后的调查回合中，已经联系了最终成功样本。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈 [cati]
研究工具
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第1轮：家庭成员信息；基本服务获取；就业和收入；食品安全和其他收入。
第2轮：家庭成员信息；关于COVID-19传播的知识；行为和社会距离；COVID-19检测和疫苗接种；基本服务获取；信贷；就业和收入（重点在畜牧业活动）；食品安全；其他收入；冲击；对COVID-19对家庭个人健康和财务财富影响的担忧；脆弱性、冲突和暴力。
第3轮：家庭成员信息；儿童早期发展；基本服务获取；就业和收入（重点在农业活动）；食品安全；其他收入；对当前形势的担忧；社会安全网。
所有访谈材料均已翻译成法语供INSD使用。问卷以当地语言进行，长度大约相同（大约25分钟）。
数据清理操作
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数据收集结束后，国家统计局（INSD）在世行团队的支持下对原始数据集进行了清理。这包括格式化和基于监控问题、调查员反馈和调查变更的结果更正。
响应率
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基线（第1轮）：在电话调查的基线轮次中，所有1500个家庭都被联系。73.75%的抽样家庭成功联系。在联系到的家庭中，有1156个家庭接受了全面访谈。这1156个家庭构成了最终成功样本，将在随后的调查回合中联系。
第2轮：调查员试图联系并访谈在第1轮BFA COVID-19 HFPS中成功访谈的1166个家庭。1,114个家庭（1166次尝试中的96.3%）被联系，1,112个（96.1%）在第二轮中被成功访谈。在联系到的家庭中，有2个家庭因语言障碍而未回答。
第3轮：调查员试图联系并访谈在第2轮BFA COVID-19 HFPS中成功访谈的1,112个家庭。1,051个家庭（1,112次尝试中的94.53%）被联系，1,048个（94.24%）在第三轮中被成功访谈。在联系到的家庭中，有1个家庭拒绝访谈，有2个家庭只接受了部分访谈。
受访者：布基纳法索COVID-19 HFPS的每一轮调查都有每个家庭的一个受访者。受访者是户主或了解情况的成年家庭成员。受访者必须是家庭成员。与许多其他家庭调查不同，调查员不需要寻找其他家庭成员以提供他们的信息。受访者可以在需要时咨询其他家庭成员以回答问题，包括提供每个家庭成员的所有必要信息。
调查员被指示在随后的调查回合中尽力联系同一受访者，以保持收集信息的连贯性。然而，在先前受访者不可用的情况下，调查员将识别另一名了解情况的成年家庭成员进行访谈。