Global Human Settlement Urban Centre Database (GHS-UCDB): Details for the Nearest Weather Station from the ClimateForecasts Database and the Nearest City from the CitiesGOER Database

ClimateForecasts (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726088) and CitiesGOER (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8175429) are databases that provide environmental data for 49 environmental variables, including 38 bioclimatic variables, 8 soil variables and 3 topographic variables, respectively for 15,504 weather station locations and 52,602 city locations. Data were extracted from the same 30 arc-seconds global grid layers that were prepared when making the TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges) database that is available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927 . Details on the preparations of these layers are provided by Kindt, R. (2023). TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species. Global Change Biology, 00, 1–16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914. These databases were designed to be used together with TreeGOER, and possibly also with the GlobalUsefulNativeTrees database (Kindt et al. 2023) or EcoregionsTreeFinder database (Kindt & Pedercini 2025), to allow users to filter suitable tree species based on environmental conditions of the planting site. One example of combining data from these different sets in the R statistical environment is available from this Rpub: https://rpubs.com/Roeland-KINDT/1114902. This archive provides details on the nearest location in ClimateForecasts and CitiesGOER for each of the urban centre centroids from the Global Human Settlement Urban Centre Database (UCDB R2024A, reference epoch 2025, World Mollweide, EPSG:54009, 1km; https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/datasets.php ; Melchiori et al. 2024). The geographical distances between locations were calculated in R via geosphere::distGeo (version 1.5-20; Hijmans 2024). When using information from this archive, cite this archive and the following references: Mari Rivero, Ines; Melchiorri, Michele; Florio, Pietro; Schiavina, Marcello; Goch, Katarzyna; Politis, Panagiotis; Uhl, Johannes H; Pesaresi, Martino; Maffenini, Luca; Sulis, Patrizia; Crippa, Monica; Guizzardi, Diego; Pisoni, Enrico; Belis, Claudio; Jacome Felix Oom, Duarte; Branco, Alfredo; Mwaniki, Dennis; Kochulem, Edwin; Githira, Daniel; Carioli, Alessandra; Ehrlich, Daniele; Tommasi, Pierpaolo; Kemper, Thomas; Dijkstra, Lewis (2024): GHS-UCDB R2024A - GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] doi: 10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd PID: http://data.europa.eu/89h/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd Melchiorri, M., Freire, S., Schiavina, M. et al. The Multi-temporal and Multi-dimensional Global Urban Centre Database to Delineate and Analyse World Cities. Sci Data 11, 82 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02691-1 Fick, S. E., & Hijmans, R. J. (2017). WorldClim 2: New 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302–4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086 Hijmans R (2024). geosphere: Spherical Trigonometry. https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.geosphere , R package version 1.5-20 When using data from the ClimateForecasts database, also cite: Meteostat (2024) Weather stations: Lite dump with active weather stations. https://github.com/meteostat/weather-stations (accessed 17-FEB-2024) Kindt, R. (2026). ClimateForecasts: Globally Observed Environmental Data for 15,504 Weather Station Locations (2026.04) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19755022 When using data from the CitiesGOER database, also cite: Opendatasoft (2023) Geonames - All Cities with a population > 1000. https://public.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/geonames-all-cities-with-a-population-1000/information/?disjunctive.cou_name_en&sort=name (accessed 22-JULY-2023) Kindt, R. (2026). CitiesGOER: Globally Observed Environmental Data for 52,602 Cities with a Population ≥ 5000 (2026.04) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19727303 The development of this archive was supported by the Darwin Initiative to project DAREX001 of Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration, by Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia to the Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio project in Ethiopia, by the Green Climate Fund through the IUCN-led Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation project and through the Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso, by the Bezos Earth Fund to the Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda project and by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) to the regional tree seed programme on The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa.