RNA expression profiles of whole blood cells from a Han Chinese population with or without Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus or/and its complications in nephropathy and retinopathy

Our main purpose is to screen specific biomarkers for supporting diagnoses of type-2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), type-2 diabetic retinopathy (T2DR), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) without these complications. The RNA expression database was built to study T2D in humans with the performance of the Clariom™ D Assay, human. The notable highlight of the analysis results shows there are three main groups which include one control group and two diabetic groups. Interestingly, the diabetic groups share some aging-related pathways, especially fatty acid metabolism. On the other hand, B group with higher BMI coverage has many abundant coding genes in fatty acid degradation, while C group with lower BMI coverage involves in fatty acid elongation. It can be classified into obese and non-obese groups proportionally. In addition, the obese group consists of two T2DN-related cases without an independent T2DR_related case, which is contrary to the non-obese group has all three cases. It means that T2DR can be rarely found in overweight T2D-patients. Although classifications of blood samples were based on doctors-supervised conclusions in medical reports, clinical parameters and group distribution in RNA-expression array analysis supported rearranging in new orders. It means that the analysis reports were divided into two parts, which were influenced by medical doctors and analysts. Specifically, the doctors think that long-term T2D-exposure makes the disease worse, however, the analysts believe that individuals have different conditions and self-treatments, which affect the severe levels of the disease with long durations. Two analysis-ways are helpful to improve the combinational methods of RNA-expression analysis and clinical statistics afterward.