Radiocarbon ages, whole-rock chemistry, and electron probe microanalysis of lavas (1877, 1832, 1823, Kealaalea Hills, and Keanakākoʻi Tephra periods) from Kīlauea's summit and Southwest Rift Zone, Island of Hawaiʻi

This dataset includes radiocarbon ages, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) major-oxide and trace-element whole-rock analyses, and glass, olivine, and pyroxene analyses by electron microprobe (EPMA) of spatter and lava samples from the summit and Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. All of the radiocarbon ages were analyzed by DirectAMS in Bothell, Washington, USA and are from the 1823 CE lava flow in the Southwest Rift Zone (using the methods of Tate and others, 2023). Whole-rock chemical analyses were performed at both the Hamilton Analytical Laboratory at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, USA and Washington State University GeoAnalytical Lab in Pullman, Washington, USA (using the methods of Johnson and others, 1999). Glass chemical analyses were performed at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, USA and the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Mānoa, Hawaii, USA. All olivine and pyroxene chemical analyses were performed at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Mānoa, Hawaii, USA (using the methods of Donovan and Tingle, 1996). This data set was collected and used for the interpretations in Tonato and others (2025).

Donovan, J.J., and Tingle, T.N., 1996, An improved mean atomic number background correction for quantitative microanalysis: Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 2, p. 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927696210013.

Johnson, D.M., Hooper, P.R., and Conrey, R.M., 1999, XRF analysis of rocks and minerals for major and trace elements on a single low dilution Li-tetraborate fused bead: JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data, p. 843–867.

Tate, A.M.,Heile, J., Giacomo, J., and Zoppi, U., 2023, Status report: A decade of traditional radiocarbon dating applications by DirectAMS: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Sections B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 537, p. 23–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2023.01.013.

Tonato, A., Shea, T., Downs, D.T., and Kelfoun, K., 2025, Rapid emplacement of the 1823 CE Keaīwa lava flow from the Great Crack in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research.