Porewater Geochemistry and Sediment Physical Properties Before and After Water–Sediment Regulation in the Yellow River Estuary

This dataset contains comprehensive porewater geochemical and sediment physical property measurements collected from four stations in the Yellow River estuary before and after the large-scale Water–Sediment Regulation (WSR) event. The porewater dataset includes concentrations of nitrite, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, sulfate, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and major nutrients. Sediment physical properties, including grain-size composition and porosity, are also provided to support interpretations of organic carbon mineralization pathways and benthic biogeochemical fluxes. All measurements were conducted following established geochemical protocols and quality-controlled through calibration standards, duplicates, and blank corrections. Detailed variable definitions, units, and analytical methods are included in the metadata file. These data were used in the manuscript titled:“Large-Scale Water-Sediment Regulation (Yellow River) Substantially Reshapes Organic Carbon Mineralization Pathways and Benthic Fluxes in Sediment of a River-Dominated Sea (Bohai Sea)”. The dataset supports evaluation of biogeochemical responses to large-scale hydrological disturbances in a major river–dominated coastal system and provides a reproducible foundation for further sediment diagenesis and nutrient cycling studies.