Spatiotemporally resolved ex vivo colorectal cancer development in engineered mini-colons (scRNA-Seq)

Here we developed topobiologically complex mini-colons able to undergo tumorigenesis ex vivo by integrating microfabrication, optogenetic, and tissue engineering approaches. With this system, tumorigenic transformation can be spatiotemporally controlled by directing oncogenic activation through blue-light exposure, and emerging colon tumors can be tracked in real-time with single-cell resolution for several weeks without breaking the culture. These induced mini-colons display rich intra- and inter-tumoral diversity and recapitulate key pathophysiological hallmarks displayed by colorectal tumors in vivo. By fine-tuning cell-intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, mini-colons can be leveraged to unveil tumorigenic determinants, including dietary patterns, microbiota-derived metabolites, and pharmacological therapies. Single-cell RNA-seq of tumor bearing mini-colons labeled with CellTag