Ottoman Empire Knowledge Graph: Semantic Model (1299–1922)

Historical data is traditionally stored in linear, tabular formats or unstructured text, which obscures the complex, multi-dimensional relationships between entities. This project utilizes a Graph Database (Neo4j) to model the geopolitical history of the Ottoman Empire (c. 1299-1922). By ingesting approximately 200 structured historical entities (Sultans, Battles, Treaties) and defining semantic relationships (e.g., LED, PARTITIONED), we transform static data into a dynamic Knowledge Graph. Unlike traditional historiography, this report applies Betweenness Centrality and Shortest Path algorithms to mathematically identify the structural shift from autocratic expansionism to diplomatic dependency. The analysis reveals that the "Sultanate of Women" (16th c.) and the "CUP Era" (20th c.) act as distinct topological clusters that disrupted the linear flow of the imperial timeline.