THE ROLE OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Parkinson’s Disease is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system and is characterized by a gradual decline in motor and non-motor functions. The disease is commonly associated with tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, depression, and reduced social activity. These manifestations significantly decrease patients’ functional independence and quality of life, creating an increasing need for effective rehabilitation strategies aimed at maintaining physical activity and improving daily functioning. Therapeutic exercise is considered an essential component of comprehensive rehabilitation programs for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Regular physical activity has been shown to positively influence motor performance, balance, coordination, muscle strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance. In addition, therapeutic exercise may help slow functional decline, reduce the risk of falls, improve gait parameters, and support psychological well-being by decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms. This article examines the role and clinical significance of therapeutic exercise in the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson’s disease. The paper reviews contemporary rehabilitation approaches, including aerobic training, resistance exercises, balance and coordination training, stretching, posture correction exercises, gait training, respiratory exercises, and functional mobility programs. Special attention is given to individualized rehabilitation protocols based on disease severity, age, physical condition, and comorbidities of patients. The article also discusses the growing importance of multidisciplinary rehabilitation involving neurologists, rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and psychologists. Modern rehabilitation technologies such as telerehabilitation, virtual reality–based exercises, robotic-assisted therapy, and wearable monitoring devices are also highlighted as promising tools for improving rehabilitation outcomes and patient adherence. The analysis of current scientific literature demonstrates that systematic therapeutic exercise contributes to better motor control, preservation of independence in activities of daily living, enhancement of social participation, and overall improvement in quality of life among patients with Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, therapeutic exercise should be regarded not only as a supportive intervention but also as a fundamental element of long-term management and rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease.