Living Standards Survey 2003-2004 - Nepal

Abstract
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Nepal Living Standards Survey II 2003/2004 (NLSS II) is the second multi-topic national household survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) from April 2003 to April 2004. As a follow up to the first NLSS of 1995/96 (NLSS I), the main objective of the NLSS II was to track changes in living standards and social indicators of Nepalese population between 1995/96 and 2003/2004. The survey provides information on the different aspects of households' welfare (consumption, income, housing, labor markets, education, health etc.). NLSS II data are largely comparable to the NLSS I data and follows the methodology of the Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) developed by the World Bank.

Geographic coverage
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National
Domains: Urban/rural; ecological zones (Mountains, Kathmandu Valley (urban), Hills (urban), Hills (rural), Tarai (urban), Tarai (rural)).

Analysis unit
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- Households
- Individuals
- Communities

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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SAMPLE DESIGN
The sampling design of the NLSS II included two components. The first one was nationally representative random cross-section sample of 4008 households from six explicit strata of the country. The second one was panel sample of 1232 households drawn from those households interviewed in NLSS I.

SAMPLE FRAME
The 2001 Population Census of Nepal provided a basis for this survey's sample frame. The size of each ward (as measured by number of households) was taken as a unit of sample frame. Some larger ards were divided into smaller units (sub-wards) of clearly defined territorial areas supported by reliable cartography while some of the smaller wards with fewer than 20 households were appended to neighbouring wards in the same VDC. The resulting sampling frame consisted of 36,067 enumeration areas (wards or sub-wards) spread over 3 ecological zones, 5 development regions, 75 districts, 58 Municipalities and 3,914 Village Development Committees (VDCs) of the country. The sample frame was sorted by district, VDC, ward and sub-ward and districts were numbered from geographical East to West.

The three ecological zones are Mountains in the north (altitude 4877 to 8848 meters), Hills in the middle (altitude 610 to 4876 meters) and Tarai in the south. Mountains make up 35 percent of total land area of the country, while Hills and Tarai 42 percent and 23 percent respectively.

STRATIFICATION
The design of the cross-section part of NLSS II was similar to that of the NLSS I. The total sample size (4,008 households) was selected in two stages: 12 households in each of 334 Primary Sampling Units. The sample of 334 PSUs was selected from six strata using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling with the number of households as a measure of size. The numbers are all multiples of 12 with the intention of implementing a two-stage selection strategy with that many households per PSU in the second stage. Within each PSU, 12 households were selected by systematic sampling from the total number of households listed.

The NLSS II cross-section sample was allocated into six explicit strata as follows: Mountains (408 households in 34 PSUs), Kathmandu valley urban area (408 households in 34 PSUs), Other Urban areas in the Hills (336 households in 28 PSUs), Rural Hills (1,224 households in 102 PSUs), Urban Tarai (408 households in 34 PSUs) and Rural Tarai (1,224 households in 102 PSUs). The NLSS II panel sample is composed of 100 of the 275 PSUs visited by the NLSS I in 1995/96. The panel PSUs were selected with equal probability within each of the four strata defined by NLSS I, as follows: 12 (out of 33) in the Mountains, 18 (out of 50) in the Urban Hills, 33 (out of 92) in the Rural Hills and 37 (out of 100) in the Tarai.

In NLSS I, the strata were composed of Mountains (424 households), Urban Hills (604 households), Rural Hills (1,136 households) and Tarai (1,224 households). The sampling frame was taken from the Population Census 1991.

CARTOGRAPHIC UPDATING AND HOUSEHOLD LISTING

The NLSS II cartographic updating was conducted between December 2001 and May 2002. There were 334 PSUs from the cross-sectional sample where listing operation provided a precise and up to date measure of households in each PSU. The 235 PSUs contained 400 or fewer households while 99 PSUs had larger than 400 households according to the 2001 Population Census. Those PSUs with more than 400 households were segmented into smaller units containing 150-200 households by means of a cartographic updating operation. The operation defined territorial boundaries for the segments within the PSUs and established a rough measure of the size of each segment based on a quick count of dwellings. One of the segments was then selected randomly with PPS in each PSU, and a complete household listing was conducted in that segment. A new cartographic updating was needed for 59 of the large PSUs since some of the large PSUs corresponded to wards that had already been segmented in 1995 as a part of the NLSS I operations. This updating included verification of the boundaries and quick count of dwellings.

A complete household listing operation was undertaken in all cross-section PSUs during March-May of 2002, about a year prior to the survey. The information collected in the listing included dwelling/household serial number, name of the village/settlement, block number, name and nickname (if any) of the household head, household size and name of the landlord when the housing unit was rented. The cover page for listing was designed to furnish information on the language spoken, the mode of transport and the traveling time to reach the selected ward/sub-ward/segment. This was utilized while preparing schedules of fieldwork. There were 25 teams for listing operation and each team consisted of two enumerators. Field-based 32 enumerators were selected from CBS and Branch Statistical Offices (BSOs) while the rest 18 were hired on contract from outside Kathmandu for listing operation in the selected PSUs under the separate component of the project named "Listing and Cartography Work for NLSS II". Two day training was conducted on listing procedure for the enumerators outside of Kathmandu at Biratnagar (East), Hetaunda (Central) and Nepalgunj (West). Because of insurgency in different parts of the country, listing operation in 10 PSUs could not be completed during the specified period but was completed later.

Sampling deviation
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During the implementation of NLSS II, altogether 13 rural enumeration areas (PSUS) could not be interviewed comprising 8 from cross-section and 5 from the panel samples. The missing panel PSUs include 1 from Central Hills, 1 from Mid Western Mountains, 1 from Far Western Mountains, 1 from Far Western Hills and 1 from Far Western Terai. One of these five PSUs, the one from the Far Western Terai (Pipaladi-2 of Kanchanpur), vanished completely due to the merging of enumeration area to the Royal Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve. The other four PSUs could not be enumerated due to the ongoing conflict even after the repeated attempts. All together 370 households could not be re-interviewed.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The Household Survey Section of CBS developed an initial questionnaire of NLSS II on the basis of the questionnaires used in the NLSS I and others. The draft questionnaire was subsequently modified through experience gained from pre-tests. Two types of questionnaires were administered in NLSS II: household questionnaire and community questionnaires (urban and rural). In order to generate comparable data with NLSS I, as many of the NLSS I questions as possible were retained in NLSS II. However, some important additions were made on the household questionnaire to address some contemporary issues such as population migration and child labor. Some questions were omitted based on whether such questions were poorly answered or collected in NLSS I. Detailed discussions were made on the household questionnaire with members of NLSS II Technical Committee, representatives from different donor agencies and other stakeholders. For instance, questions on anthropometrics section were dropped for the reason stated above. Questions on new areas of concern and economic activities were added (child labour - merged from a planned ILO "Nepal Child Labor Survey" for members 5 years of age and over). Sections on changes in household composition for the panel component of the survey and children (under 15 years of age) away from home were added. Questions on migration were asked of all members of the household 5 years and older in this survey instead of just the household head in previous survey. Other additions and modifications included own account production of goods, extended economic activities, underemployment status, health information including HIV/AIDS and household facilities. Some gender specific questions were added in agricultural wages whereas a few questions were dropped from the agriculture section. There were separate sets of questionnaires for urban and rural communities, as in NLSS I. Community questionnaires were designed to measure community characteristics and market prices to supplement the information collected through household questionnaire. The questionnaires were revised intensively with the feedback from pre-test in the field. The pre-test was done in different ecological zones, development regions and urban/rural areas during July-August 2002. The pre-test was also designed to track panel households and the tracking was found to be 80 percent.

Household Questionnaire
There was a 74-paged household questionnaire with 19 sections and 10 appendices. The contents of the questionnaire were:

Section 0. Survey Information
The information on the verification of the interview, data entry and supervision was included in the section. This was very useful for tracking sampled households and replacing them with the alternative households whenever originally selected households could not be interviewed.

Section 1. Household Information
The information was collected on ethnicity, demographic characteristics and identification of household members, information on parents of household members and economic activities undertaken and unemployment/underemployment status of household members 5 years and older.

Section 2. Housing
This section collected information on types of dwelling, housing expenses, expenditure on utilities and amenities and collection of firewood.

Section 3. Access to Facilities
This section gathered information about the distance of 15 kinds of different public services/facilities from the household's residence.

Section 4. Migration
This section gathered information on migration and its determinants for all household members 5 years and older.

Section 5. Food Expenses and Home Production
This section collected information on consumption and expenditures of 68 food items. The monthly consumption of home production, monthly expenses on purchase and annual value of in-kind receipts of foods were included with the reference period of past 12 months.

Section 6. Non-food Expenditures and Inventory of Durable Goods
This section collected information on frequent expenditures (fuels, clothing, day-to-day consumption expenses, etc.) and infrequent non-food expenditures (taxes, ceremonial expenses, durable goods expenses, etc.), valuation of inventory of durable goods and own account production of goods.

Section 7. Education
This section gathered information about literacy and educational status of all household members 5 years and older. Schooling/level of educational attainment, past enrollment/drop outs, current enrollment and educational expenditures were captured under this section.

Section 8. Health
This section collected information on chronic and acute illnesses, uses of medical facilities, expenditures on them, familiarity with HIV/AIDS, treatment of children under 5 years with diarrhea and immunization.

Section 9. Marriage and Maternity History
This section incorporated information on maternity history of all ever married women aged 15-49 who had given live birth, pre- and post-natal care of all women who had given live birth during the past 36 months and marriage and family planning practices of all currently married women aged 15- 49 years.

Section 10. Wage Employment
This section collected information on wage employment in agriculture and outside agriculture for all persons 5 years and older with activities and income on daily, long term and contract bases.

Section 11. Farming and Livestock
This section collected information on all agricultural activities like landholding (land owned, land sharecropped/rented/mortgaged-in, increase/decrease in holdings), production and uses of crops, expenditures on agricultural inputs (seeds and young plants, fertilizers and insecticides, hiring labour) earnings/expenditures of farming, ownership of livestock, earnings/expenditures of livestock, and ownership of farming assets and extension services.

Section 12. Non-agricultural Enterprises/Activities
This section collected information on all self employed non-agricultural enterprises and activities such as their types/operation and income/expenditures of the enterprises.

Section 13. Credit and Savings
This section collected information on loans borrowed by the household or any outstanding transaction on borrowing during the reference period, loans owed to others by household or any outstanding transaction on lending during the reference period and other assets (land, property and other fixed assets) owned by the household.

Section 14. Remittances and Transfers
This section collected information on remittances sent from the household members to others including recipient's activities and remittances received by members of the household from others including donor's work activities.

Section 15. Other Income
This section collected information on income from all other sources (especially on financial assets) not covered elsewhere in the questionnaire.

Section 16. Children Away from Home
This section collected information on children (currently non-household members) under 15 years who were away from home including their parents' situation, education, work activities, etc.

Section 17. Adequacy of Consumption and Government Services/Facilities
This section collected information on the households' opinion on their standards of living and the standards of government services/facilities that the households consuming.

Section 202. Panel Sample Household Tracking
This section collected information on the tracking of the panel households visited in 1995/96 (NLSS I) including their movements if not found, their composition in 1995/96 and situation of both current and the then household members.

Urban Community Questionnaire
The urban community questionnaire was developed to take interview with the leaders and knowledgeable persons representing the community of the numeration area, usually the ward and occasionally the sub-ward of the municipality. The contents of the questionnaire were:

Section 1. Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
This section collected information on characteristics of the community, status of electricity supply, water supply and sewerage system in the ward.

Section 2. Access to Facilities
This section collected information on the distance from the community to various places and public facilities and services. 2 Section 18 and 19 do not exist because Panel section was set at 20.

Section 3. Markets and Prices
This section collected information on the availability and prices of different food and non food commodities in the local shops/markets.

Section 4. Quality of Life
This section collected information on the quality of welfare items compared to their status 5 years ago.

Rural Community Questionnaires
The rural community questionnaire was developed to interview leaders and knowledgeable persons representing the community of the enumeration areas, which in most cases was the ward of the VDC. The contents of the questionnaire were:

Section 1. Population Characteristics and Infrastructure
This section collected information on characteristics of the community, status of electricity supply, water supply and sewerage system in the ward.

Section 2. Access to Facilities
This section collected information on the services and amenities, education status and health facilities existing in the VDC of the enumeration area.

Section 3. Agriculture and Forestry
This section collected information on the land situation, irrigation systems, and crop cycles, wages paid to hired labour, rental rates for cattle and machinery and use of forestry.

Section 4. Migration
This section collected information on the main migratory movements out and in the community.

Section 5. Development Programmes, User Groups and Quality of Life
This section collected information on development programmes, existing user groups and quality of life in the community.

Section 6. Rural Primary School
This section collected information on educational enrollment and infrastructure and supplies in the community.

Section 7. Rural Health Facilities
This section collected information on health facilities, equipment and services available and health personnel in the community.

Section 8. Markets and Prices
This section collected information on local shops, Haat bazaar, availability and prices of different goods in local shops/Haat bazaar, agricultural inputs and conversion of local units into standard units.

Cleaning operations
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Data collection, data entry, inconsistency checking and error removing were done in the field itself. A distinctive feature of NLSS II was the use of computers for data entry in the field. All the sixteen field teams were provided with Pentium II laptop computers with solar power supply for use in rural areas with no electricity.

The main goal of the fieldwork was to get actual figures from the respondents. To get the true figures from the respondents before the teams returned from the field (assigned ward) they had to go through all inconsistencies, errors or warnings. The enumerators revisited the households to correct the information whenever the data entry program showed any types of error. The data entry program developed in LSD composed of inconsistency corrections and error checks. After the completion of the fieldwork, the teams sent the data diskettes back to the central office (CBS) from the field as soon as possible. The intensive field supervision from CBS included checking and verifying of the data entered comparing it with the filled data in the questionnaire.

Data processing and analysis were done using STATA statistical software package.

Response rate
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Five PSUs out of 434 PSUs for the survey could not be carried due to unavoidable reasons. Thus the response rate is 98.5%.

Data appraisal
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The survey was unable to reach/interview all the sampled PSUs and their households. With the consultation of the design experts it was decided not to replace the affected PSUs for enumeration and ultimately they were dropped. In a few exceptional cases, data entry could not be done in the field for some rural PSUs but was done at the nearest market or district headquarters. And despite every effort to reduce other limitations, we also acknowledge the usual difficulties inherent in a household survey covering all parts of the country (e.g. discrepancies in reported use of metric/non-metric units of measurements, a longer recall period resulting in under/over reporting of certain income source or consumption item).

摘要
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尼泊尔生活水平调查II 2003/2004年（NLSS II）是由国家统计局（CBS）从2003年4月至2004年4月进行的第二项多主题全国家庭调查。作为1995/96年首次NLSS（NLSS I）的后续调查，NLSS II的主要目标是追踪尼泊尔人口在1995/96年至2003/2004年之间生活水平和社会指标的变化。该调查提供了关于家庭福利不同方面的信息（消费、收入、住房、劳动力市场、教育、健康等）。NLSS II数据在很大程度上与NLSS I数据可比，并遵循由世界银行开发的《生活水平测量调查》（LSMS）的方法论。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
领域：城市/农村；生态区（山脉、加德满都谷（城市）、丘陵（城市）、丘陵（农村）、塔拉（城市）、塔拉（农村））。
分析单元
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- 家庭
- 个人
- 社区
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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抽样设计
NLSS II的抽样设计包括两个部分。第一个部分是国家代表性的随机横截面样本，包括来自国家六个明确层级的4008个家庭。第二个部分是从那些在NLSS I中接受过访谈的家庭中抽取的1232个家庭的面板样本。
抽样框
2001年尼泊尔人口普查为此次调查的抽样框提供了基础。每个街区（按家庭数量衡量）的大小被用作抽样框的单位。一些较大的街区被划分为更小的单位（次街区），这些单位由明确的领土区域和可靠的制图支持。一些家庭数量少于20个的小街区被添加到同一VDC的邻近街区。由此产生的抽样框包括36,067个普查区（街区或次街区），分布在3个生态区、5个发展区域、75个区、58个市和3,914个村庄发展委员会（VDC）。
分层
NLSS II横截面部分的抽样设计类似于NLSS I。总样本量（4,008个家庭）在两个阶段进行选择：每个334个初级抽样单位（PSU）中有12个家庭。从六个层级中使用了概率成比例大小抽样（PPS）来选择334个PSU的样本，以家庭数量作为大小的衡量标准。所有数字都是12的倍数，目的是在第二阶段实施一个包含这么多家庭的两个阶段选择策略。在每个PSU内部，通过系统抽样从列出的总家庭数中选择12个家庭。
NLSS II横截面样本被分配到六个明确的层级，如下所示：山脉（34个PSU中有408个家庭）、加德满都谷城市地区（34个PSU中有408个家庭）、其他丘陵城市地区（28个PSU中有336个家庭）、丘陵农村地区（102个PSU中有1,224个家庭）、塔拉城市地区（34个PSU中有408个家庭）和塔拉农村地区（102个PSU中有1,224个家庭）。NLSS II面板样本由NLSS I在1995/96年访问的275个PSU中的100个组成。面板PSU在每个由NLSS I定义的四个层级中均等概率地选择，如下所示：山脉中有12个（33个中的12个），城市丘陵中有18个（50个中的18个），农村丘陵中有33个（92个中的33个），塔拉中有37个（100个中的37个）。
NLSS I中的层级由山脉（424个家庭）、城市丘陵（604个家庭）、农村丘陵（1,136个家庭）和塔拉（1,224个家庭）组成。抽样框来自1991年的人口普查。
制图更新和住户列表
NLSS II的制图更新于2001年12月至2002年5月进行。在横截面样本中有334个PSU，其中列表操作提供了每个PSU中住户的精确和最新的衡量标准。有235个PSU包含400个或更少的家庭，而99个PSU根据2001年人口普查有超过400个家庭。那些有超过400个家庭的PSU通过制图更新操作被划分为包含150-200个家庭的更小单位。在PSU内部，通过制图更新操作定义了段落的领土边界，并基于对住宅的快速计数确定了每个段落的粗略规模。然后，在每个PSU中随机选择一个段落，并在该段落中进行完整的住户列表。对于59个大型PSU需要进行新的制图更新，因为这些大型PSU对应于在1995年作为NLSS I操作的一部分已经分割的街区。此更新包括验证边界和对住宅的快速计数。
在2002年3月至5月期间对所有横截面PSU进行了完整的住户列表操作，大约在调查前一年。收集的信息包括住宅/家庭序列号、村庄/定居点名称、街区编号、户主姓名和昵称（如果有）、家庭规模和当住房单位出租时的房东姓名。列表的封面设计用于提供关于所使用的语言、运输方式和到达选定街区/次街区/段落的旅行时间的信息。这些信息在准备现场工作计划时被利用。有25个团队进行列表操作，每个团队由两名调查员组成。从国家统计局（CBS）和分支统计办公室（BSO）选择了基于现场的32名调查员，其余18名调查员根据项目的一个单独组件“NLSS II的列表和制图工作”在加德满都以外的地区以合同形式雇佣，以在选定的PSU中进行列表操作。在比拉特纳格尔（东部）、赫塔乌达（中部）和纳普尔甘杰（西部）对除加德满都以外的调查员进行了为期两天的列表程序培训。由于全国不同地区的叛乱，10个PSU在指定的时间内无法完成列表操作，后来才完成。
抽样偏差
在NLSS II的实施过程中，共有13个农村普查区（PSU）无法进行访谈，包括来自横截面样本的8个和来自面板样本的5个。缺失的面板PSU包括来自中央丘陵的1个、来自中西部山脉的1个、来自远西部山脉的1个、来自远西部丘陵的1个和来自远西部塔拉的1个。这五个PSU中的一个，来自远西部塔拉（卡尚普尔的皮帕拉迪-2），由于普查区并入皇家舒克拉潘达野生动物保护区而完全消失。其他四个PSU由于持续的冲突而无法进行人口普查，尽管进行了重复尝试。总共370个家庭无法重新进行访谈。
数据收集方式
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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国家统计局的家庭调查部门基于NLSS I中使用的问卷以及其他问卷，开发了NLSS II的初始问卷。随后，通过从预测试中获得的经验对草案问卷进行了修改。NLSS II中实施了两种类型的问卷：家庭问卷和社区问卷（城市和农村）。为了与NLSS I生成可比数据，尽可能保留了NLSS I中的问题。然而，在家庭问卷中增加了一些重要的补充，以解决一些当代问题，例如人口迁移和童工。根据这些问题在NLSS I中的回答不佳或收集情况，删除了一些问题。与NLSS II技术委员会成员、不同捐赠机构的代表和其他利益相关者进行了详细的讨论。例如，由于上述原因，取消了关于人体测量学部分的提问。在新的关注领域和经济活动方面增加了问题（童工 - 来自计划中的国际劳工组织“尼泊尔童工调查”，针对5岁及以上的成员）。为调查的 panel 成分和远离家的儿童（15岁以下）增加了关于家庭组成的变更部分。在此次调查中，向5岁及以上的所有家庭成员询问关于迁移的问题，而之前调查中仅向户主询问。其他增加和修改包括自产商品、扩展经济活动、非充分就业状态、包括艾滋病/HIV在内的健康信息以及家庭设施。在农业工资方面增加了针对性别特定问题的提问，而在农业部分删除了一些问题。如NLSS I一样，为城市和农村社区设计了单独的问卷。社区问卷旨在衡量社区特征和市场价格，以补充通过家庭问卷收集的信息。问卷在2002年7月至8月进行的预测试中进行了密集的修订。预测试在各个生态区、发展区域和城市/农村地区进行。预测试还旨在追踪1995/96年（NLSS I）访问的 panel 家庭，追踪发现为80%。
家庭问卷
有一个74页的家庭问卷，包括19个部分和10个附录。问卷的内容如下：
部分0. 调查信息
本部分包含了关于访谈验证、数据录入和监督的信息，这对于追踪样本家庭以及在原始选定的家庭无法接受访谈时用替代家庭替换它们非常有用。
部分1. 家庭信息
收集了关于种族、人口统计特征和家庭成员的识别信息，以及关于家庭成员父母的家庭信息和5岁及以上的家庭成员的经济活动以及失业/非充分就业状态。
部分2. 住房
本部分收集了关于住宅类型、住房费用、公用事业和便利设施的支出以及木柴的收集信息。
部分3. 设施获取
本部分收集了关于从家庭居住地到15种不同公共服务/设施的距离信息。
部分4. 迁移
本部分收集了关于所有5岁及以上家庭成员的迁移及其决定因素的信息。
部分5. 食品支出和家庭生产
本部分收集了关于68种食品的消费和支出信息。包括家庭生产的月消费、购买月支出和过去12个月的食品的实物收到的年度价值。
部分6. 非食品支出和耐用消费品清单
本部分收集了关于频繁支出（燃料、服装、日常消费支出等）和偶尔的非食品支出（税收、仪式支出、耐用消费品支出等）的信息，耐用消费品清单的估值以及自产商品的生产。
部分7. 教育
本部分收集了关于所有5岁及以上家庭成员的识字和教育状况的信息。包括教育/教育水平、过去的入学/辍学情况、当前的入学和教育支出。
部分8. 健康
本部分收集了关于慢性病和急性病、医疗设施的使用、对它们的开支、对艾滋病/HIV的了解以及5岁以下儿童的腹泻治疗和免疫接种的信息。
部分9. 婚姻和生育史
本部分包含了关于所有曾经结婚且生育过活产婴儿的15-49岁女性的生育史信息，以及在过去36个月内生育过活产婴儿的所有女性的产前和产后护理，以及所有目前结婚且年龄在15-49岁的女性的婚姻和家庭规划实践。
部分10. 工资就业
本部分收集了关于所有5岁及以上人员在农业和农业外工资就业的信息，包括活动、日常、长期和合同基础上的收入。
部分11. 农业和畜牧业
本部分收集了关于所有农业活动的信息，如土地持有（拥有的土地、分享耕种/租用/抵押-in、持有量的增加/减少）、作物的生产和用途、农业投入（种子和幼苗、肥料和杀虫剂、雇佣劳动力）的收入/支出、牲畜的拥有、牲畜的收入/支出以及农业资产和扩展服务的拥有。
部分12. 非农业企业/活动
本部分收集了关于所有自雇非农业企业/活动的信息，如它们的类型/运营以及企业的收入/支出。
部分13. 贷款和储蓄
本部分收集了关于在参考期间家庭借入的贷款或任何未偿还的借款交易，以及家庭对他人欠下的贷款或参考期间任何未偿还的贷款交易，以及其他资产（土地、财产和其他固定资产）的拥有。
部分14. 汇款和转移
本部分收集了关于家庭成员向其他人汇款的汇款信息，包括收件人的活动，以及家庭成员从其他人那里收到的汇款，包括捐赠者的工作活动。
部分15. 其他收入
本部分收集了关于来自所有其他来源（特别是金融资产）的收入信息，这些收入在其他地方的问题中没有涵盖。
部分16. 离家儿童
本部分收集了关于目前不是家庭成员的15岁以下的儿童的信息，包括他们的父母情况、教育、工作活动等。
部分17. 消费充足性和政府服务/设施
本部分收集了关于家庭对其生活水平以及家庭消费的政府服务/设施标准的看法。
部分202. panel样本家庭追踪
本部分收集了关于在1995/96年（NLSS I）访问的panel家庭的信息，包括如果找不到他们的移动情况，1995/96年的组成以及当前和当时家庭成员的情况。
城市社区问卷
城市社区问卷的开发是为了对代表普查区（通常是街区，偶尔是市政镇的次街区）的社区领导和有知识的人进行访谈。问卷的内容如下：
部分1. 人口特征和基础设施
本部分收集了关于社区特征、街区电力供应、供水和下水道系统的信息。
部分2. 设施获取
本部分收集了关于社区到各种地方和公共设施/服务的距离信息。
部分18和19不存在，因为panel部分被设置为20。
部分3. 市场和价格
本部分收集了关于当地商店/市场不同食品和非食品商品的可获得性和价格信息。
部分4. 生活质量
本部分收集了关于与五年前相比福利项目的质量的信息。
农村社区问卷
农村社区问卷的开发是为了对代表普查区（在大多数情况下是VDC的街区）的社区领导和有知识的人进行访谈。问卷的内容如下：
部分1. 人口特征和基础设施
本部分收集了关于社区特征、街区电力供应、供水和下水道系统的信息。
部分2. 设施获取
本部分收集了关于VDC的普查区存在的服务和便利设施、教育状况和医疗设施的信息。
部分3. 农业和林业
本部分收集了关于土地状况、灌溉系统、作物周期、雇佣劳动力的工资、牲畜的租金和机械的租金以及林业的使用信息。
部分4. 迁移
本部分收集了关于社区内外的主要迁移运动的信息。
部分5. 发展计划、用户群体和生活质量
本部分收集了关于社区的发展计划、现有的用户群体和生活质量的信息。
部分6. 农村小学
本部分收集了关于社区的教育入学和基础设施及供应的信息。
部分7. 农村医疗设施
本部分收集了关于社区中可用的医疗设施、设备和服务的以及医疗人员的信息。
部分8. 市场和价格
本部分收集了关于当地商店、Haat bazaar、当地商店/Haat bazaar中不同商品的可获得性和价格信息，农业投入和将当地单位转换为标准单位。
清理操作
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数据收集、数据录入、不一致性检查和错误删除是在现场进行的。NLSS II的一个显著特点是使用计算机在野外进行数据录入。所有十六个现场团队都配备了带有太阳能供电的Pentium II笔记本电脑，用于在无电的农村地区使用。
现场工作的主要目标是获取受访者的实际数据。在团队从现场（指定的街区）返回之前，他们必须通过所有不一致性、错误或警告。当数据录入程序显示任何类型的错误时，调查员会重新访问家庭以纠正信息。在LSD开发的数据录入程序包括不一致性修正和错误检查。在完成现场工作后，团队尽快将数据磁盘从现场发送到中央办公室（CBS）。CBS的现场监督非常密集，包括检查和验证输入的数据，并将其与问卷中填写的数据进行比较。
数据处理和分析使用STATA统计软件包进行。
响应率
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由于不可抗力原因，调查中有5个PSU无法进行，因此响应率为98.5%。
数据评估
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调查未能到达/访谈所有样本PSU及其家庭。在设计专家的咨询下，决定不替换受影响的PSU进行人口普查，最终它们被删除。在少数例外情况下，由于一些农村PSU无法在野外进行数据录入，因此在最近的市场或区总部进行了数据录入。尽管我们尽一切努力减少其他限制，但我们也承认在涵盖全国所有部分的 household 调查中固有的通常困难（例如，报告使用的公制/非公制测量单位之间的差异，较长的回忆期导致某些收入来源或消费项目的报告不足/过多）。