M9a and EPAS1 synergistically enhance hypoxia tolerance in Tibetans by activating mitophagy.

This study found that in Tibetans, the M9a haplogroup and low EPAS1 expression work together to activate mitophagy through the ROS-HIF-1a-BNIP3/NIX pathway. This process improves cell function under low oxygen, reduces inflammation and cell death, and aids hypoxia adaptation. This mechanism could be a target for treating high-altitude illnesses.