Analysis of contrasts from the copepod common gardening experiment.

The standardized effect sizes (Cohen's d) for each ecosystem metric are calculated for each contrast illustrated in Figure 3, and are listed by columns in the same order as they appear in the rows of Table 1. The averages (avg) for each contrast and ecosystem metric are based on the absolute values of effect sizes. Contrasts were classified as either between species (spp), populations (pop), or rearing environments (env). The last two columns define the univariate average (Uni-avg), and the multivariate average (Multi-avg: from the LDA analysis). Values in bold indicate that the contrast was significant, which was assessed by post hoc analysis for each ecosystem metric and with a randomization for the multivariate average (see text). P-values are indicated as follows: , 0.1;*, 0.05;**0.01.The symbol indicates parameters used to compare with a previous stickleback experiment (see Table 3).