Lifespan, clonality and polyploidy regulate the global environmental niches of plants via seed dispersal in space and time

We collected species data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility [GBIF; GBIF.org (30 January 2021) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.yruzm2 and GBIF.org (30 January 2021) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.pytkny]. We first discarded the following types of sampling errors and sources of bias on the basis of García‐Roselló et al. (2014) and Zizka et al. (2019): 1) duplicated records within the area at a specific spatial resolution; 2) records with both longitude and latitude = 0°; 3) records for which the longitude and latitude were identical and probably represented erroneous repetitive data entry; 4) records with incorrect species names; 5) occurrences where the GBIF ‘coordinate uncertainty’ field was >10 km; and 6) occurrences whose ‘Basis of records’ GBIF field was ‘literature’ or ‘living specimen’ (generally, these descriptors refer to occurrences sampled in museums or ex situ collections, respectively). Sampling correction was conducted using the CoordinateCleaner and dismo packages in the R software environment (https://www.r-project.org/). Currently accepted taxonomic names of plant species were based on The Plant List (V1.1; http://www.theplantlist.org/). Finally, we obtained the occurrence records of 1,827,213 plant species at the global scale. Finally, the occurrence records were collected for the study plant species with existing data on seed traits, lifespan, clonality, and polyploidy from the studies of Van Drunen and Husband (2019), Chen et al. (2020), Klimesova et al. (2017), and Rice et al. (2019).