Patient characteristics.

Although phase III trials have reported improved overall survival in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following treatment with nivolumab, as compared with chemotherapy (paclitaxel or docetaxel), the treatment was effective only in a limited number of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between nutritional status (Glasgow prognostic score, prognostic nutritional index, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and prognosis of advanced esophageal cancer in patients treated with taxane or nivolumab therapy. The medical records of 35 patients who received taxane monotherapy (paclitaxel or docetaxel), for advanced esophageal cancer between October 2016 and November 2018 (taxane cohort) were reviewed. The clinical data of 37 patients who received nivolumab therapy between March 2020 and September 2021 (nivolumab cohort) were collected. The median overall survival was 9.1 months for the taxane cohort and 12.5 months for the nivolumab cohort. In the nivolumab cohort, patients with good nutritional status had significantly better median overall survival than those with poor nutritional status (18.1 vs. 7.6 months, respectively, p = 0.009, classified by prognostic nutritional index, 15.5 vs. 4.3 months, respectively, p = 0.012, classified by Glasgow prognostic score), whereas the prognosis of the patients treated with taxane therapy was less affected by the nutritional status. This suggests that the pretreatment nutritional status of patients with advanced esophageal cancer is a key factor for successful outcomes, especially for treatment with nivolumab.