Parameter values used in the model.

‘Default values’ are used in Fig 3, while parameter ‘ranges’ are used in Figs 4 and 5. Notes: a) For comparability between the two types of vaccines, we choose ϵ = c. b) R0 is given by the ratio β/γ in the model: their individual values do not independently affect epidemic sizes, so it is only necessary to choose R0. c) Value corresponds to a mean lifetime of 70 years. d) Under the baseline values shown here, k is tuned to give seasonal epidemics infecting roughly 10% of the population. e) In the absence of a natural scale for k, we simply take half and twice the baseline value.