Organic fertilization and pepper maize rotation reconfigure edaphic filters and microbial networks

Functionally, this translated to a concerning shift away from foundational processes, including complex carbon degradation and plant-symbiotic mycorrhizal guilds, towards more opportunistic life strategies. While organic fertilization and crop rotation steer the microbiome via different ecological pathways, OC fostering a denser network of generalist fungi and RC selecting for specialist bacteria, both converge on a functional profile that may compromise long term soil fertility. Our findings demonstrate that management practices fundamentally rewire soil ecological rules, and understanding these deep impacts is critical for designing truly sustainable agricultural systems.