Adverse events.

Extensively drug–resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR- tuberculosis (TB) account for approximately a third of pediatric MDR–TB cases globally. Clinical management is challenging; recommendations are based on limited evidence. We assessed the clinical outcomes for children and adolescents treated for XDR–and pre–XDR–TB. We performed a systematic review and meta–analysis of published studies reporting treatment outcomes for children and adolescents with XDR–and pre–XDR–TB. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and trial registries up to 31 December 2023 were searched. Eligible studies included children and adolescents aged