Photoregulation of the biosynthetic activity of fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> using colloidal solutions of biogenic metal nanoparticles and low-intensity laser radiation

This article presents new data on the integrated use of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and low-intensity laser radiation on the biosynthetic activity of the medicinal mushroom <i>Inonotus obliquus in vitro</i>. Traditional mycological methods, colloidal solutions of biogenic metals, and unique photobiological methods have also been used. It was found that colloidal solutions of nanoparticles of all metals used increased the growth characteristics of <i>I. obliquus</i> (55–60%), while irradiation of the fungal inoculum with laser light in a medium with nanoparticles reduced the growth activity of <i>I. obliquus</i> mycelia by 12.3–35.4%. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a nutrient medium suppressed the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, whereas laser irradiation in the same medium increased the synthesis of intracellular polysaccharides by 9.7 times. Magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) inhibited the synthesis of intracellular polysaccharides in the mycelial mass of <i>I. obliquus</i>. At the same time, laser irradiation of the inoculum with MgNPs, on the contrary, induced a sharp increase in the amount of polysaccharides in the culture liquid (20 times). Treatment of the inoculum in a medium with nanoparticles with a laser caused an intensification of the synthesis of flavonoids in the mycelial mass and an increase in the synthesis of melanin pigments (25–140%). The results obtained suggest the possibility of the complex use of colloidal solutions of Fe, Ag, and Mg nanoparticles and low-intensity laser radiation as environmentally friendly factors for regulating biosynthetic activity in the biotechnology of cultivating the valuable medicinal mushroom <i>I. obliquus</i>.

本文报道了纳米颗粒胶体溶液与低强度激光辐射复合作用对体外培养的药用真菌斜生纤孔菌（*Inonotus obliquus*）生物合成活性影响的全新实验数据。本研究同时采用了传统真菌学方法、生物源金属胶体溶液及专属光生物学方法。
研究发现，所使用的各类金属纳米颗粒胶体溶液均可提升斜生纤孔菌的生长特性，提升幅度达55%~60%；而在含有纳米颗粒的培养基中对真菌接种体进行激光辐照，则会使斜生纤孔菌菌丝体的生长活性降低12.3%~35.4%。
营养培养基中的银纳米颗粒（Silver nanoparticles, AgNPs）可抑制胞外多糖的生物合成，而在相同培养基中进行激光辐照，则可使胞内多糖的合成量提升至原水平的9.7倍。镁纳米颗粒（Magnesium nanoparticles, MgNPs）与铁纳米颗粒（Iron nanoparticles, FeNPs）则会抑制斜生纤孔菌菌丝体生物量中的胞内多糖合成。
与此同时，对添加了镁纳米颗粒的接种体进行激光辐照，反而会显著提升培养液中的多糖含量，提升幅度达20倍。对含有纳米颗粒的培养基中的真菌接种体进行激光处理，可增强菌丝体中黄酮类化合物的合成，并使黑色素的合成量提升25%~140%。
本研究结果表明，将铁、银、镁纳米颗粒胶体溶液与低强度激光辐射复合使用，可作为环境友好型调控手段，用于调节珍稀药用真菌斜生纤孔菌培养生物技术中的生物合成活性。