The ecological literature presents considerable evidence for top-down forcing on the maintenance of species diversity. Yet, in temperate forests, bottom-up forces often exert a strong influence on eco
Diets play a key role in understanding trophic interactions. Knowing the actual structure of food webs contributes greatly to our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The research
Food-web properties used to characterize food-web structure and the predicted trend with increasing degradation based on the literature [21], [22], [24], [25], [26].
