Agricultural Census, 2014-2015 - Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract
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The previous agricultural census carried out in Congo dates back to 1985. Since the census of about 30 years ago, the rural sector in general, and the agriculture sector in particular has undergone major structural changes. In order to obtain a new picture of the main features of the rural sector, farms and agricultural structures in Congo, the Government of the Republic of Congo issued the Presidential decree n° 2013-732 of 18 November 2013, organising the General Census of Agriculture whose objectives were:

(i) to highlight the structural characteristics of agriculture, livestock farming, livestock production and the environment, fisheries, aquaculture, water and forestry with a view to providing references for measuring the dynamics of the rural world;

(ii) to improve the collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of statistics of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, aquaculture, water and forestry;

(iii) contribute to the strengthening of the monitoring and evaluation system of the Strategy for the Sustainable Development of the Mediterranean Sea, growth, employment and poverty reduction, and the process of achieving the millennium development goals;

(iv) to contribute to the strengthening of the technical capacities of the relevant departments of the Ministries in charge of agriculture, fisheries and forestry in the European Union collection, processing, analysis and publication of agricultural statistics.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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The statistical unit was the agricultural holding. Two types of agricultural holdings were distinguished:
(i) holdings in the household sector ("agricultural households")
(ii) holdings in the non-household sector ("modern holdings").

An agricultural household was defined as "a household with at least one member operating one or more agricultural fields or rearing animals, or practicing aquaculture and/or fishery or forestry activities for their own account or for the account of the household".

A modern holding is characterized by the following criteria: bookkeeping (keeping records); existence and use of equipment; use of hired/paid employees; cultivation of large surfaces; and the fact that the objective of the production is mainly for sale.

The statistical unit for the community survey is the village.

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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i. Methodological modality for conducting the census
Although the modular approach was planned for the AC, with the initial implementation of the core module in 2014-2015, the supplementary modules could not be implemented because of budget constraints. A community survey was carried out together with the AC. As of mid-2019, the country was planning to implement the following supplementary modules: crops and livestock (household sector), commercial farms, and fisheries and aquaculture.

ii. Frame
The census frame was constituted by the EAs from the 2007 Population and Housing Census (PHC). All households in the EAs covered in the GAO were listed and all agricultural households identified were enumerated.

iii. Complete and/or sample enumeration methods
The AC used complete enumeration for the core module and for the community survey.

iv. Sample design
Sampling was not used.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Two questionnaires were used to collect infromation for two different types of holdings:

(i) a questionnaire for agricultural households;

(ii) a questionnaire for "modern holdings".

The community survey questionnaire (for the community component) was used together with the census questionnaires and implemented by the supervisors using focus group interviews. The census questionnaires covered 15 of the core items recommended in the WCA 2010.

Cleaning operations
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(a) DATA PROCESSING AND ARCHIVING
Manual data entry was done using the CSPro software. The SPSS software was used for data editing, imputation, validation and tabulation.

(b) CENSUS DATA QUALITY
The fieldwork was organized in five steers to optimize the quality of data collected. A comprehensive mechanism for monitoring and supervising fieldwork was established. A team of five enumerators was coordinated by a field supervisor, which was responsible for one geographical zone, called a "control sector". A district supervisor was responsible for a group of two to five field supervisors covering a geographical zone of one to two districts or communes. A department supervisor was responsible for the organization of fieldwork in the supervised department. Finally, a national supervisor from the CCB was responsible for all operational and technical matters in the field. The data processing procedures included programs for checking and correcting errors. Procedures for questionnaire retrieving and monitoring were in place from the field to the data processing stage. The data analysis incorporated chapters on data validation against other data sources, such as the PHC and current surveys.

摘要
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在刚果进行的上一轮农业普查可追溯至1985年。自大约30年前的普查以来，农村部门总体上，尤其是农业部门，经历了重大的结构性变革。为了获得对刚果农村部门主要特征的最新描绘，政府于2013年11月18日颁布了总统令第2013-732号，组织进行农业普查，其目标如下：
(i) 突出农业、畜牧业、畜产品生产及环境、渔业、水产养殖、水资源和林业的结构特征，以提供衡量农村世界动态的参考依据；
(ii) 改进农业、畜牧业、渔业、水产养殖、水资源和林业的统计数据收集、处理、分析和传播；
(iii) 贡献于加强地中海可持续发展战略的监测与评估系统，增长、就业和减贫进程，以及实现千年发展目标的过程；
(iv) 贡献于加强欧盟主管农业、渔业和林业的相关部门在收集、处理、分析和发布农业统计数据方面的技术能力。
地理覆盖范围
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全国范围
分析单元
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家庭户
总体
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统计单元为农业经营单位。区分两种类型的农业经营单位：
(i) 家庭户部门内的经营单位（“农业家庭户”）；
(ii) 非家庭户部门内的经营单位（“现代化经营单位”）。
农业家庭户被定义为“至少有一名成员经营一个或多个农田或饲养动物，或为个人或家庭账户从事水产养殖和/或渔业或林业活动之家庭”。
现代化经营单位具有以下特征：记账（记录保存）；设备的存在和使用；雇佣/付费员工的使用；大面积耕作；以及生产目标主要是为了销售。
社区调查的统计单元为村庄。
数据类型
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普查/枚举数据 [cen]
抽样程序
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i. 农业普查的方法论模式
尽管原计划对农业普查采用模块化方法，但由于预算限制，补充模块未能实施。与农业普查同时进行了一次社区调查。截至2019年中，该国计划实施以下补充模块：作物和畜牧业（家庭户部门）、商业农场以及渔业和水产养殖。
ii. 框架
普查框架由2007年人口和住房普查（PHC）中的EA构成。GAO覆盖的所有家庭户均被列出，并识别了所有农业家庭户。
iii. 完整和/或抽样枚举方法
农业普查对核心模块和社区调查采用了完整枚举。
iv. 样本设计
未使用抽样。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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使用了两种问卷来收集不同类型经营单位的信息：
(i) 农业家庭户问卷；
(ii) “现代化经营单位”问卷。
社区调查问卷（用于社区组成部分）与普查问卷一起使用，并由监督员通过焦点小组访谈实施。普查问卷涵盖了WCA 2010年推荐的核心项目中的15个项目。
数据清理操作
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(a) 数据处理和存档
使用CSPro软件进行手动数据输入。使用SPSS软件进行数据编辑、插补、验证和制表。
(b) 普查数据质量
实地工作被组织成五个小组，以优化收集到的数据质量。建立了一套全面的机制来监控和监督实地工作。一个由五名调查员组成的团队由一名现场监督员协调，负责一个地理区域，称为“控制区域”。区级监督员负责一组涵盖一个至两个区或市的两个至五个现场监督员。部门监督员负责监督部门内实地工作的组织。最后，来自CCB的国家监督员负责所有现场的操作和技术事宜。数据处理程序包括检查和纠正错误的程序。从现场到数据处理阶段，都设有问卷检索和监控程序。数据分析包括与PHC和其他当前调查等数据来源进行数据验证的章节。