Comparison of tissue glycogen and serum parameters between fed, 24 hr-starved, and chow-refed or alternative interventions.

Abbreviations used for experiments (top to bottom rows): Control mice with ad libitum access to food (Fed); 24 hr starvation (24H-S); 24 hr starvation followed by chow refeeding (24H-SSR); 24 hr starvation followed by saline injection and ad libitum chow refeeding (24H-SSR); 24 hr starvation followed by an IP injection of 3 k/kg glucose (50% dextrose solution) (24H-SIG); 24H-starvation followed by ad libitum access to 10% oral glucose solution (24H-SIG). T.P. = Time point of sacrifice relative to the cessation of total starvation (either introduction of food (24H-SR), IP injection of glucose (24H-SIG), or provision of oral glucose solution (24H-SOG)). IBAT glycogen, liver glycogen, serum glucose, and serum insulin were measured. Statistical significance was evaluated by comparing individual measurements to the respective ad libitum fed state and separately to the 24 hr-starved state. One clear outlier for 24 hr-starved liver glycogen was removed from consideration (liver glycogen = 24.88 mg/g tissue). SIG, SOG treatment data were obtained from 5–13 mice for each time point, and SSR data were obtained for 3–6 mice.