Plant and soil element contents and stoichiometry

We assessed nutrient limitations and ecological stoichiometry across four planting patterns: no-planting system (BK), bean monoculture system (A), Sichuan pepper monoculture system (F), and Sichuan pepper-bean agroforestry system (AF). We evaluated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plants (aboveground and belowground), soil (total and dissolved fractions), microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes.