Relationships among environment variables, monocot and vertebrate richness.

‘Environment’ refers to a multivariate model including the variables: mean annual temperature (°C×10), temperature seasonality (standard deviation of monthly mean temperatures ×100), annual precipitation (mm), precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation of monthly precipitation), area (km2), elevational range (metres) and region (Africa, Asia-temperate, Asia-tropical, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America). Fit is measured using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and pseudo-R2. Values in the ‘Residual correlations’ columns refer to the Spearman's Rank correlations between residuals from environmental models of monocot and either mammal, amphibian or bird richness. All correlations are significant at the 0.05/3 = 0.017 level according to the Dutilleul et al. [23] method and incorporating Bonferroni's correction (n = 3). Estimated model parameters for all fitted models are in Table S2 in Appendix S2.