Global shark fishing mortality still rising despite widespread regulatory change

Over the last two decades, sharks have been increasingly recognized among the world's most threatened wildlife, and hence received heightened scientific and regulatory scrutiny. Yet, the effect of protective regulations on shark fishing mortality has not been evaluated at a global scale. Here we estimate that total fishing mortality increased from 76 to 80 million sharks between 2012-2019, ~25 million of which were threatened species. Mortality increased by 4% in coastal waters but decreased 7% in pelagic fisheries, especially across the Atlantic and Western Pacific. By linking fishing mortality data to the global regulatory landscape, we show that widespread legislation designed to prevent shark finning did not reduce mortality, but regional shark fishing or retention bans had some success. These analyses combined with expert interviews highlight evidence-based solutions to reverse the continued overexploitation of sharks.