Soil, Root and Crop Productivity Data from a Sugarcane Cropping System with Cover Crops in Brazil

The study was conducted in a Ultisol in Ibitinga-SP, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in three stages: before the experiment, after the first harvest (plant cane), and after the second harvest (ratoon cane). A total of 312 undisturbed samples (0–60 cm depth) were analyzed for physical properties (density, porosity, penetration resistance) and root system evaluation (plant row, bed, and interrow). Roots were washed, scanned, and assessed for length, volume, and dry biomass.