Ambient air pollution burden of disease DALYs

This dataset contains data of Ambient air pollution burden of disease DALYs of the year 2016 and 2019. Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research. Rationale: As part of a broader project to assess major risk factors to health, the burden of disease resulting from exposure to ambient (outdoor) air pollution was assessed. Ambient air pollution results from emissions from industrial activity, households, cars and trucks which are complex mixtures of air pollutants, many of which are harmful to health. Of all of these pollutants, fine particulate matter has the greatest effect on human health. In high-income countries, urban outdoor air pollution ranks in the top ten risk factors to health, and is the first environmental risk factor. Definition: The burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution can be expressed as: number of deaths, death rate (both crude and age-standardized), number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALYs rate (both crude and age-standardized), and number of years life lost (YLLs).Death and DALYs rates are calculated by dividing the number of deaths or DALYs by the total population (or indicated if a different population group is used, e.g. children under 5 years, or children under 15 years).Age-standardized rates adjust for differences in population age distribution by applying the observed age-specific mortality (or DALYs) rates for each population to a standard population. The age-standardized rates can therefore be used to compare the rates of countries without being affected by the differences in age distribution from country to country.Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient air pollution is linked, among others, to the important diseases taken into account in this estimate: 1) Lower respiratory infections in general population, children under 5 years of age and children under 15 years of age; 2) Stroke in adults (25 years and over); 3) Ischaemic heart diseases in adults (25 years and over); 4) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in adults (25 years and over); and 5) Trachea, bronchus and lung cancers in adults (25 years and over).   Disaggregation: Estimates are available by age group and by sex. Method of estimation: Burden of disease is calculated by first combining information on the increased (or relative) risk of a disease resulting from exposure, with information on how widespread the exposure is in the population (in this case, the annual mean concentration of particulate matter to which the population is exposed). This allows calculation of the 'population attributable fraction' (PAF), which is the fraction of disease seen in a given population that can be attributed to the exposure, in this case the annual mean concentration of particulate matter. Applying this fraction to the total burden of disease (e.g. cardiopulmonary disease expressed as deaths or DALYs), gives the total number of deaths or DALYs that results from ambient air pollution. Method of estimation of global and regional aggregates: For deaths, DALYs and YLLs, national figures are summed. For the corresponding rates, the country estimates are summed according to the region of interest and divided by the corresponding regional population.

本数据集收录了2016年和2019年环境空气污染导致的疾病负担、预期寿命损失年数（DALYs）。请访问datasource.kapsarc.org获取及时数据，以推进能源经济学研究。研究缘由：作为评估主要健康风险因素的广泛项目的一部分，对暴露于环境（户外）空气污染所导致的疾病负担进行了评估。环境空气污染源于工业活动、家庭、汽车和卡车的排放，这些排放物是复杂的空气污染物混合物，其中许多对健康有害。在这些污染物中，细颗粒物对人类健康的影响最为显著。在高收入国家中，城市户外空气污染位列前十的健康风险因素之首，也是首要的环境风险因素。定义：环境空气污染导致的疾病负担可以表述为：死亡人数、死亡率（包括粗率和年龄标准化率）、残疾调整寿命年数（DALYs）、DALYs率（包括粗率和年龄标准化率）以及预期寿命损失年数（YLLs）。死亡率和DALYs率通过将死亡人数或DALYs数除以总人口数（或如儿童5岁以下、儿童15岁以下等不同人口群体所述）计算得出。年龄标准化率通过将每个群体的观察到的年龄特异性死亡率（或DALYs率）应用于标准人口来调整人口年龄分布的差异。因此，年龄标准化率可以用于比较不同国家，而不会受到各国年龄分布差异的影响。流行病学研究的证据表明，暴露于环境空气污染与包括以下在内的多种重要疾病相关：1）普通人群、5岁以下儿童和15岁以下儿童的呼吸道感染；2）成年人的中风（25岁及以上）；3）成年人的缺血性心脏病（25岁及以上）；4）成年人的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（25岁及以上）；以及5）成年人的气管、支气管和肺癌（25岁及以上）。细分：数据估计可根据年龄组和性别进行细分。估计方法：疾病负担的计算首先结合了暴露于疾病增加（或相对）风险的信息以及暴露在人群中的普遍程度的信息（在此情况下，暴露于人群的年颗粒物平均浓度）。这允许计算“人群归因分数”（PAF），即可归因于暴露（在此情况下，年颗粒物平均浓度）的疾病在给定人群中所占的比例。将此比例应用于总疾病负担（例如，以死亡或DALYs表示的心肺疾病），给出由环境空气污染导致的总死亡人数或DALYs数。全球和区域汇总的估计方法：对于死亡、DALYs和YLLs，将国家数据相加。对于相应的比率，根据感兴趣的区域将国家估计值相加，然后除以相应的区域人口。