Clinical and sociological attributes of human participants.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage with sample size in parentheses.aPM = placental malaria; PMsub indicates microscopy negative, PCR positive participants.bdefined as cLBW = low birth weight.dSP = reported use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.egeometric placental parasitemia from intervillous blood thin smear.fHz = hemozoin; WBC = white blood cell; indicates percent of WBCs bearing hemozoin on intervillous blood thick smear.gindicates chronic or past infection as evidenced by the presence of any Hz in fibrin observed by histology.hindicates chronic or past infection as evidenced by the presence of any Hz in intervillous WBCs observed by histology.Statistics by one-way ANOVA (P values shown in table) with Tukey's post-hoc test for continuous variables:†P‡,§PFisher's exact test was used for pairwise comparison of proportions (P values shown in table with *,# symbols indicating significant comparisons).