Yttrium Contenting Compositionally Complex Medium-Entropy Li-Garnet Electrolyte with Improved Ionic Conductivity

The compositionally complex medium/high-entropy design concept can greatly expand the categories and affect the properties of the materials. With such a designing concept, a medium-entropy Li-garnet electrolyte with appropriate yttrium content (formula Li6.6La3ZrNb0.3Ta0.3Hf0.3Y0.1O12) shows a record-high ionic conductivity of ∼5.7 × 10–4 S/cm, the highest reported for any single-site substituted high/medium-entropy Li-garnet. The assembled Li metal symmetric cells also show stable long-term cycling (0.1 mA/cm2 for over 200 h). Neutron powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement results indicate that a competing conduction mechanism between (1) occupancy on high mobility of 96h sites and (2) the associated site vacancies and the bond length requires an appropriate content of Y for enhanced ionic conductivity. Li-ion hopping through the bottleneck can also contribute to the conductivity. Density functional theory and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations also indicate the high mobility and number of hopping transitions of Li ions, contributing to the high ionic conductivity.