<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> peel and root derived extracellular vesicles proteome

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate inter and intraspecies/kingdom communication through biomolecule transfer, including proteins and small RNAs. Characteristics and the physiological role of plant EVs is a recent hot topic in the EV field. In the current study, we purified and characterized vesicles from hydroponically cultivated potato plants (<i>isolating</i>, cv. Laura), isolating root exudates and apoplastic wash from potato peels via vacuum infiltration. Biophysical and chemical analyses unveiled morphological similarities between EVs from potato roots and peels. Diameter of EVs from potato roots (164.6±7.3 nm) were significantly larger than those from peels (132.2±2.0 nm, p = 0.0039). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed substantial protein enrichment in purified EVs compared to crude samples from both sources. Only 11.8% of identified proteins were common, with merely 2% significantly enriched proteins shared between potato root and peel EVs. Pathways associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors were significantly enriched in potato peel and root EV proteomes, hinting at a defensive role played by EVs. With further experimentation to elucidate the specific methods of communications, these findings promise to enhance our understanding of plant EVs, aiding in sustainable agricultural waste utilization for large-scale EV production, aligning with "valorization."

细胞外囊泡（Extracellular vesicles, EVs）可通过传递蛋白质、小RNA等生物分子，实现物种间、种内乃至界间的信息交流。植物细胞外囊泡的特征与生理功能，是当前细胞外囊泡研究领域的新兴热点。本研究以水培栽培的马铃薯（<i>isolating</i>，cv. Laura）为材料，通过真空浸润法提取其根系分泌物与马铃薯果皮的质外体冲洗液，并从中纯化囊泡、完成表征。生物物理与化学分析显示，马铃薯根系与果皮来源的细胞外囊泡存在形态学相似性；其中根系来源囊泡的直径为(164.6±7.3) nm，显著大于果皮来源囊泡的(132.2±2.0) nm（p=0.0039）。液相色谱-质谱联用法（Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS）分析结果表明，相较于两种来源的粗提样品，纯化后的细胞外囊泡中蛋白质富集程度显著提升。仅11.8%的鉴定蛋白质为两种来源囊泡所共有，而马铃薯根系与果皮细胞外囊泡间共享的显著富集蛋白质仅占2%。马铃薯果皮与根系细胞外囊泡的蛋白质组中，与生物和非生物胁迫响应相关的通路显著富集，提示细胞外囊泡发挥着防御相关的功能。通过进一步实验阐明细胞外囊泡介导信息交流的具体机制，本研究结果有望加深学界对植物细胞外囊泡的认知，助力利用农业废弃物实现细胞外囊泡的可持续规模化生产，契合"valorization（增值利用）"的理念。