Phenotypic data coming from four field trials (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022); blup data used for GWAS; hapmap for the GWAS related on the Triticum aestivum subspecies panel.

A Triticum aestivum panel of 190 accessions belonging to 5 different neglected subspecies, compactum, sphaerococcum, macha, spelta, vavilovii, with few references of aestivum, was phenotypically characterized for 25 traits related to phenology, morphology, yield, and physiology for 4 years in field conditions. A large variability was detected within and among subspecies. A genome-wide analysis uncovered a total of 97 most reliable and robust marker-trait association (MTA) regions, 5 for heading date, 44 for morphological traits, 33 related to yield and 15 for physiological traits. More than half of these regions were detected across at least three environments, and eleven resulted influencing multiple traits, till 4, also belonging to different categories. Only on chromosome 3D no significant MTA regions were identified. Positional co-localizations with previously identified loci, markers or genes linked to the same trait were observed only for 15 regions, supporting from one side the reliability of our analysis, and from the other corroborating the potential of the collection as a reservoir of alternative untapped alleles.