The evolution of the Ésera glacier (Central Pyrenees) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene

Since MIS 4, glaciers in the Pyrenees have exhibited complex advances and retreats that differ from those in other European regions. The Ésera Valley provides key evidence to reconstruct glacier and climate evolution using lake sediments, geomorphology, cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating, and equilibrium line altitude analyses. After the Pyrenean Last Glacial Maximum (~75 ka), the glacier retreated, stabilised around 47 ka, advanced again near 16 ka, and then rapidly retreated from the Oldest Dryas into the Holocene. The Little Ice Age marked the last major cold phase, followed by continuous retreat. Over the past 16 ka, temperatures increased by about 3.6 °C, causing the glacier front to rise from 1750 to 3000 m a.s.l. This repository groups the data used for this study to support the reconstruction of these glacial and climatic changes.