Data from: Global genetic analysis reveals the putative native source of the invasive termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, in France

Biological invasions are recognized as a major threat to both natural and
managed ecosystems. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses can
provide information about the geographical origins and patterns of
introduction and explain the causes and mechanisms by which introduced
species have become successful invaders. Reticulitermes flavipes is a
North American subterranean termite that has been introduced into several
areas, including France where introduced populations have become invasive.
To identify likely source populations in the USA and to compare the
genetic diversity of both native and introduced populations, an extensive
molecular genetic study was undertaken using the COII region of mtDNA and
15 microsatellite loci. Our results showed that native northern US
populations appeared well differentiated from those of the southern part
of the US range. Phylogenetic analysis of both mitochondrial and nuclear
markers showed that French populations probably originated from
southeastern US populations, and more specifically from Louisiana. All of
the mtDNA haplotypes shared between the United States and France were
found in Louisiana. Compared to native populations in Louisiana, French
populations show lower genetic diversity at both mtDNA and microsatellite
markers. These findings are discussed along with the invasion routes of R.
flavipes as well as the possible mechanisms by which French populations
have evolved after their introduction.