Growth, nutrient uptake, blood metabolites and bone properties in broilers consuming feed with mineral-enriched whole black soldier fly larvae

Recycling critical minerals like phosphorus is essential for future circular agriculture. This study explored adding mineral-enriched black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), grown on substrates with sewage sludge recyclates (SSR), to broiler feed to reintroduce minerals from restricted waste streams into the nutrient cycle. Results showed that including 15% mineral-enriched BSFL in broiler diets for 42 days had no adverse effects on growth, nutrient intake, or bone condition, and maintained acceptable levels of heavy metals.