Table_2_The Phylosymbiosis Pattern Between the Fig Wasps of the Same Genus and Their Associated Microbiota.XLSX

Microbial communities can be critical for many metazoans, which can lead to the observation of phylosymbiosis with phylogenetically related species sharing similar microbial communities. Most of the previous studies on phylosymbiosis were conducted across the host families or genera. However, it is unclear whether the phylosymbiosis signal is still prevalent at lower taxonomic levels. In this study, 54 individuals from six species of the fig wasp genus Ceratosolen (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) collected from nine natural populations and their associated microbiota were investigated. The fig wasp species were morphologically identified and further determined by mitochondrial CO1 gene fragments and nuclear ITS2 sequences, and the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to analyze the bacterial communities. The results suggest a significant positive correlation between host genetic characteristics and microbial diversity characteristics, indicating the phylosymbiosis signal between the phylogeny of insect hosts and the associated microbiota in the lower classification level within a genus. Moreover, we found that the endosymbiotic Wolbachia carried by fig wasps led to a decrease in bacterial diversity of host-associated microbial communities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of host phylogeny, as well as the role of endosymbionts in shaping the host-associated microbial community.

微生物群落对于许多多细胞生物至关重要，这可能导致与亲缘关系相近物种共享相似微生物群落的共生现象的出现。以往关于共生现象的研究大多在宿主科或属的层面上进行。然而，在较低的分类级别上，共生现象的信号是否仍然普遍尚不明确。在本研究中，我们调查了来自九个自然种群中54个个体，这些个体属于蜡蝉科Ceratosolen属（膜翅目：蜡蝉科）的六种无花果蜡蝉物种及其相关微生物群落。这些蜡蝉物种通过形态学鉴定，并进一步通过线粒体CO1基因片段和核ITS2序列进行鉴定，并对其16S rRNA基因的V4区域进行测序以分析细菌群落。结果显示，宿主遗传特征与微生物多样性特征之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明在属内较低分类级别的昆虫宿主系统发育与相关微生物群落之间的共生现象信号。此外，我们发现携带内共生菌沃尔巴克氏体的蜡蝉导致宿主相关微生物群落的细菌多样性降低。本研究有助于我们理解宿主系统发育的作用，以及内共生体在塑造宿主相关微生物群落中的作用。