Basin hydrological modelling and forecasting of “River-Reservoir System” II： Key challenges， scientific issues， and research perspectives

The “River-Reservoir System” has altered the subsurface conditions of the basin，leading to significant changes in water-vapor circulation regulation，yield and confluence characteristics，and flood routing process within the watershed. As a result，the applicability of traditional hydrological modelling methods is now facing serious challenges. In this paper，the research progress on the mechanism and modelling of catchment yield and confluence，river flood routing，and intelligent flood forecasting under the changing environment is systematically reviewed. From the aspects of spatial anisotropy，time-variable parameters，nonlinearity of yield flow，and blocking of flood routing，we analyze the key points of hydrological simulation and forecasting in the “River-Reservoir System” and summarize the key scientific and technological problems to be solved. Finally，the framework and content of future research are prospected，with the aim of providing a reference for the research and development of refined hydrological simulation and forecasting for reservoirs （groups）.