TABLE 1 in Porcupines in ancient Egypt? A prickly problem re-assessed

TABLE 1. — Arrangement of hooved and non-hooved animals on Side A and Side B of the Egyptian ritual knife handle, c. 3300–3100 B.C.E. (Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, inv. 09.889.118). RowSide ASide B1Non-hooved (elephants) + snakesBirds + snakes2Birds + hooved giraffeHooved (Nubian ibex: Capra nubiana F. Cuvier, 1825)3Non-hooved (lions: Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758))Non-hooved (lions)4Hooved (Barbary sheep: Ammotragus lervia (Pallas, 1777))Hooved (Barbary sheep)5Hooved (Nubian asses: Equus africanus africanus (von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866))Hooved (Nubian asses)6Hooved (scimitar oryx: Oryx dammah (Cretzschmar, 1827) + dog: Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758)Hooved (scimitar oryx)7Non-hooved (porcupines: Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758)Non-hooved (Egyptian wolves: Canis aureus lupaster Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)8Hooved (cattle) + dogHooved (cattle)9Non-hooved (honey badgers: Mellivora capensis (Schreber, 1776)) + starNon-hooved (honey badgers)10Hooved (scimitar oryx) + fishHooved (cattle)