Genus-level community composition, and family to which they belong, for VL cases, endemic controls, and the total study sample.

Abundance at the study group level was calculated for aggregated read counts across all samples for ASVs classified at genus level (i.e. aggregates all taxa with the same genus assignment). Genera with an average group-level abundance <1% are not shown, except where relevant to the results or discussion. Full details are provided in S2 and S3 Tables.