Replication Data for: Pathways to external citizenship: the global extension of dual citizenship and voting from abroad

The extension of dual citizenship and external voting rights over the past decades has been widely observed. Both trends contribute to the phenomenon of external citizenship, where citizens residing abroad hold rights to political participation irrespective of other transnational ties. Yet these trends have been studied in a disconnected manner. This is remarkable as the exercise of external voting requires nationals abroad to keep a legal link with the home country, while dual citizenship acceptance is high on the agenda of politically mobilized emigrant communities. In this paper, we make two original contributions. First, applying sequence analysis to a dataset covering 194 countries over 61 years (N=10,310), we identify five dominant pathways in extending rights to dual citizenship and external voting: 1) norm setters, 2) dual citizenship only, 3) external voting only, 4) latecomers, and 5) norm resisters. Second, we analyze the correlates of these pathways with a focus on the predominant political regime type. Democratic regimes are not more prone to be norm setters that adopt both forms of rights extension but are less likely to be norm resisters that do not adopt either. Partial norm extenders and latecomers are not significantly associated with a particular regime experience.