SAFE-HMA per basin

Snow Avalanche Frequency Estimation in High Mountain Asia (SAFE-HMA)License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)Overview:The SAFE-HMA repository provides raster maps of snow avalanche deposit frequency across High Mountain Asia (HMA) for the period 1990–2023, using Landsat archives. The data were generated using the Snow Avalanche Frequency Estimation (SAFE) algorithm (Caiserman et al., 2022), extended here to nine major HMA basins.Data Description:Format: GeoTIFFSpatial resolution: 30 mTemporal coverage: 1990-2023 (33 years)Values: Number of years with detected avalanche deposits per pixelFiles:SAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Thanlwin.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Ganga_Brahmaputra.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Indus.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Tarim.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Amu_Darya.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Balkhash.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Syr_Darya.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Junggar.tifSAFE_HMA_33ys_1990_2023_Turpan_Hami.tifreadme.txtIf you use these data, please cite both references below:Caiserman, A., Sidle, R. C., Steiner, J., & Shibkov, E. (2026). Long-Term Snow Avalanche Trends in High Mountain Asia: Climatic Drivers and Impacts. Earth’s Future, 14(2), e2025EF006503. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006503Caiserman, A., Sidle, R. C., & Gurung, D. R. (2022). The Cryosphere, 16(8), 3295–3312. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3295-2022Disclaimer:This dataset contains avalanche deposit maps derived from remote sensing and associated processing and interpretation. While the data and workflow underwent careful validation, some uncertainties, omissions, and limitations may remain. The dataset is provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind, express or implied. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the authors and their affiliated institutions disclaim any liability for any direct or indirect use of this dataset, or any outcomes resulting from its use. This product is not intended to be used as the sole basis for operational services, safety-critical applications, emergency management actions, or site-specific decisions. Users should apply appropriate caution and are encouraged to use complementary data sources, local knowledge, and expert judgment when interpreting or applying these results.The data was produced by the Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia (Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan).