Cancer-derived branched-chain ketoacids modulate macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming

This study aims to uncover the effects of cancer-derived branched-chain ketoacids on macrophage polarization and the underlying mechanism. We uncovered the global responses of branched-chain ketoacids-stimulated macrophages by proteomics analysis. Functional enrihment analysis indicated that these ketoacids significantly altered macrophage metabolism, apoptosis and phagocytosis.