Adjusted ERA5, COREv2 and JRA-55 products constrained by ocean observations

This dataset contains ERA5, JRA-55 and COREv2 air-sea flux fields that have been adjusted to match ocean heat and salt content change in EN4 and IAP ocean observations. It also contains estimes of meridional heat and freshwater transports, globally and in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, based on these adjusted air-sea surface flux fields. Please consult the README for more information on the dataset. The net heat flux and net freshwater flux into the ocean have been adjusted using the "Optimal Transformation Method" (OTM), a watermass-based inverse method that uses physics-based constraints to close the observed ocean heat and salt budgets. The formulation of OTM and a model validation is provided at Zika & Sohail (2024). The process of producing these adjusted air-sea fluxes is described in Sohail & Zika (2025).