Social orientation and sex. Is competition a 'male thing᾿ only?

The study sought to explore the relationship between gender and social orientations (competition and cooperation). Thus far research carried out in situations of social interdependence has not brought clear results concerning differences between males and females in this respect ( Simpson, 2003). Theoretical considerations presented in this article as well as the results of conducted studies suggest that these differences do exist. However, their character is inconsistent with implications of the evolutionary and cultural paradigms: the competitive orientation turned out to be significantly stronger in case of women than in case of men. peerReviewed publishedVersion