GLED v2.0:A Comprehensive Global Lagrangian Eddy Dataset with Integrated Thermohaline Profiles

The Global Lagrangian Eddy Dataset version 2.0 (GLED v2.0) is an extension and refinement of GLED v1.0, aimed at further revealing the three-dimensional structural characteristics of mesoscale eddies. GLED v1.0 was developed based on the Lagrangian-Averaged Vorticity Deviation (LAVD) method proposed by Haller et al. (2016). It constructs a globally consistent eddy dataset grounded in material coherence, by analyzing the geostrophic advection trajectories of millions of Lagrangian particles during the period 1993–2019. The dataset provides general characteristics of materially coherent mesoscale eddies with lifetimes of 30, 90, and 180 days, including eddy center position, equivalent radius, rotation property, and intensity. Moreover, it records the trajectories of particles enclosed by the eddy boundaries throughout their lifetimes, ensuring that the identified eddies are dynamically closed and materially coherent. Building upon GLED v1.0, GLED v2.0 incorporates temperature and salinity profile data from the World Ocean Database (WOD) for the period 1993–2019, which are systematically matched to each eddy within a radial distance of twice the eddy radius (2×R). This enables the construction of three-dimensional thermohaline structures associated with mesoscale eddies. The matching process is based on a circular spatial neighborhood centered on the eddy core and constrained by the eddy’s temporal window, ensuring the spatiotemporal consistency of the profiles. GLED v2.0 is the first open-access dataset to integrate Lagrangian coherent eddy detection with global temperature and salinity profile observations. It provides a robust data foundation for investigating the three-dimensional processes of mesoscale eddies, including their roles in oceanic heat and salt transport, mixing, and regulation of marine ecosystems. GLED v2.0: Based on GLED v1.0, we generated eddy-centric vertical profile data, while retaining all other components from v1.0.Eddy Tracking File (eddy_track.nc)1） id: Unique identifier for each eddy. All observations along the same trajectory share the same ID.2） date: The formation date of the eddy.3） cyc: Eddy polarity. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1 indicates an anticyclonic eddy, while -1 indicates a cyclonic eddy.4） center_lat: Latitude of the eddy center (sampled every 10 days).5） center_lon: Longitude of the eddy center (sampled every 10 days).6） radius: Radius of the eddy (in meters).7） profile_id: Identifier of the associated temperature/salinity profile within the eddy.8） profile_time: Timestamp of the corresponding profile.9） profile_lon: Longitude of the temperature/salinity profile.10）profile_lat: Latitude of the temperature/salinity profile.11）distance: Distance between the profile location and the eddy center. Eddy Profile Files (Temp.nc and Salt.nc)1） profile_id: Identifier of the associated temperature/salinity profile.2） temperature: In-situ temperature (°C) of the profile, matched within a radius of 2×R from the eddy center.3） salinity: Salinity (psu) of the profile, matched within a radius of 2×R from the eddy center.