Unexplored Viral Diversity in Siberian Cranes and Wild Geese: Metagenomic Insights from a Global Wintering Haven

Migratory birds are critical global carriers and vectors of various viruses, potentially driving the mutation and transmission of novel pathogens, especially zoonotic viruses. Despite advancements in sequencing technologies, the viral diversity in wintering Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and wild geese (Anser spp.) remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a viral metagenomic survey of fecal samples from 320 Siberian cranes and wild geese wintering in Poyang Lake, China. Our analysis identified 172 novel viruses known to infect and potentially vertebrate species. Our study identified several novel strains, including novel coronavirus, parvoviruses, picornaviruses, and anelloviruses. We also observed evidence of cross-species transmission and identified viruses with zoonotic potential, including picobirnaviruses, picornaviruses and others. These findings highlight the significant public health risks posed by migratory birds and provide new insights into the viral diversity within these populations, contributing to a better understanding of their role in viral evolution and transmission.