R&D personnel by sector

The indicator measures the share of research and development (R&D) personnel broken down by the following institutional sectors: business enterprise (BES), government (GOV), higher education (HES), private non-profit (PNP). Data are presented in full-time equivalents as a share of the labour force. R&D personnel consists of persons engaged directly in R&D, which refers to the creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humankind, culture and society, and to devise new applications of available knowledge. In addition, R&D personnel also includes those providing direct services for the R&D activities, such as R&D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff.