Metagenomic Study of Microbiome and Key Geochemical Potentials Associated with Architectural Heritage: A Case Study of the Song Dynasty City Wall in Shou County, China

History has left cultural heritage as a precious treasure for all mankind, reflecting the material and spiritual wealth created by a nation, country, or specific group during their historical development. The types and functions of microorganisms that form biofilms on the surface closely relate to the preservation and protection of architectural cultural heritage. These microorganisms contribute to the biocorrosion of architectural heritage through the cycle of chemical elements. The ancient city wall of Shou County is a famous architectural and cultural heritage of China's Song Dynasty. Its protection and research have far-reaching historical and cultural significance. This study used metagenomics to study the microbial diversity and taxonomic composition of the Shou County Song Dynasty City Wall, a Chinese tangible cultural heritage.