Migration dynamics of hard-to-reach population in the context of regional disparities based on longitudinally linked register in Taiwan
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Part research outcomes from TIPD at https://osf.io/e4rvz/
1_CopyLeft(L) 2013-2024, Council of Indigenous Peoples (https://www.cip.gov.tw/), Taiwan.
2_Acknowledgement: The reserach outcomes are part of research outcomes from TIPD research program (https://osf.io/e4rvz/), which is mainly supported by Council of Indigenous Peoples, and partly by National Science and Technology Council & Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
3_誌謝:本計畫是"台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫" (TIPD, https://osf.io/e4rvz/)之部分成果,主要由原住民族委員會支援研究經費,部分經費來科技部計畫和中央研究院。
《當代台灣原住民族:堅毅不屈,燦爛花開》
1940年至2000年間,台灣原住民族資料變的相當稀缺,這不僅使得台灣原住民各類發展被邊緣化,亦使原住民在台灣逐漸”被消失”。2000年戶口及住宅普查再度恢復原住民普查是為重大里程碑,但2010年後台灣實質人口普查已不復存在,陳年問題依舊無解。為解決原住民基礎資料缺乏問題,原住民族委員會自2013 ~ 2022計十年,不預設立場及充份尊重學術專業獨立及自主性,給與研究計畫支持。感謝十年研究期間三位主任委員支持:孫大川(計畫推動者)、林江義、及夷將.拔路兒。計畫實際執行期間,行政支援及協調最大貢獻者,為原民會綜合規劃處王瑞盈前處長,若無他專業支援及豐富行政經驗,本計畫實難以順利進行,研究團隊在這裡公開對王前處長表示衷心感謝。
計畫主持人亦感謝共同主持人李明政教授,兩人十年合作的默契及情誼。這十年期間,原民會在研究經費、資料、計算機硬體設備、及行政給予大力協助,國科會亦給予多年期研究經費支持,使研究團隊終能放手一博,不再受限資料及計算設備匱乏限制。主持人在2013年已深知這是非常難得機會,錯過將不復返,因此這十年期間全心投入,以科學計算技術和資料科學學理,運用高效能及超級運算設備,全力投入原住民基礎研究,建立各類大型開放資料庫,且不設任何限制開放供國內外自由使用(參考TIPD: 台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫 https://osf.io/e4rvz/)。
這研究採用的方法及技術非常先進,成果早已受到國際重要學研單位注意。國際著名"開放科學研究中心" (COS, Center for Open Science,參考 https://www.cos.io/ 及簡介 https://www.cos.io/about ),主動連繫及邀請主持人進行視訊專訪,訪談內容是有關當代台灣原住民及原住民基礎開放研究資料庫之研究緣起、過程、方法、影響、未來發展,及過去15年,及研究如何用開放資料、開放科學、及科學計算,使"瀕臨消失"被邊緣化的台灣原住民,如何重新浮上抬面及成為顯性人口。COS將訪談內容整理以文字稿公布,閱讀者為全球專家,因此影響深遠,訪問稿原文連結網址如下:https://www.cos.io/blog/taiwan-indigenous-peoples?hs_preview=QUOrJLoo-176808682520
COS設計及完成之"開放科學架構"(OSF, Open Science Framework, 參考 https://osf.io/ ),目前是全球研究計畫最大註冊中心,超過60萬全球研究人員在此登記註冊。放在OSF的TIPD就是COS最重要架構,目前已是全球最大開放科學及研究計晝註冊單位,影響力相當大。2013計晝剛開始時,COS也才剛成立,OSF架構亦在草創階段,2015年初我決定將都原計晝重要產出TIPD放在OSF時,當時全球也才只有五百多個研究計晝放在OSF公開;主持人在OSF草創階段,以TIPD放在OSF之經驗,至少有四年時間主持人亦同時幫OSF提出架構如何改善及建議,和OSF合作密切,所以他們也深知原民會支持之研究計晝和TIPD研究通程,TIPD和OSF可謂是同步成長。
十年尚難磨一劍,完成基礎研究及克服核心問題後,真正重頭戲才要開始。很榮幸及欣慰能再次將台灣原住民,全面推向國際舞台!
Related Projects:
1.Lin, Ji-Ping, Ming-Cheng Lee, Hiu Ha Chong, Li-Chuan Liu, Kui Kasirisir, and HSIN-CHUNG WANG. 2024. “TIPD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Open Research Data 台灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/e4rvz/. May 8. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/E4RVZ.
2.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TPDD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Population Dynamics Open Data 台灣原住民族人口動態開放資料.” OSF https://osf.io/ukjgs/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/UKJGS.
3.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TMDT: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples’ Multidimensional Table Data 台灣原住民族多維表資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/a23ec/ . May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/A23EC.
4.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TICT: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples’ Contingency Tables 台灣原住民族基礎列聯表.” OSF https://osf.io/9nrwd/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/9NRWD.
5.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIHD: Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Household Structure Open Data 台灣原住民族家戶結構基礎開放資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/zbwek. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBWEK.
6.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TICD : Taiwan Indigenous Communities Open Data 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫.” OSF https://osf.io/esw67/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/ESW67.
7.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “iqTICD : Integrated Query System of Taiwan Indigenous Community Open Data 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫綜合查詢系統.” OSF https://osf.io/rfe6p/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/RFE6P.
8.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIHV : Taiwan Indigenous People’s High-Resolution Visualization of Population Distribution, Migration Dynamics, Traditional Communities by Ethnic Groups 當代台灣原住民高解析度視覺化圖形資料庫:人口分布、遷徙、傳統部落.” OSF https://osf.io/v8zk3/. May 8. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/V8ZK3.
9.Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “TIMD : Taiwan Indigenous Peoples Migration Dynamics 台灣原住民各族群遷徙動態.” OSF https://osf.io/6rpz9/. May 7. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/6RPZ9.
10. Lin, Ji-Ping. 2024. “iqTICD on Google: Taiwan Indigenous Communities Open Data Query System on Google 台灣原住民族部落開放資料庫Google綜合查詢系統.” Google https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1M6FE6vKd212udjTvvWmFsaKavB_3TpF7&ll=23.678779780141927%2C120.89717315782033&z=6
Abstract
Research question: Migration studies have confirmed that migrants are associated with higher lifetime gains and social mobility than non-migrants. As hard-to-reach population, although Taiwan indigenous peoples (TIPs) are much more migratory than the ordinary people, it is contradictory to see that poverty and inequality remain persistent and prevalent among TIPs. Data and methodology: The research utilizes record linkage and geocoding methods to build anonymized open data of population dynamics, based on household register from 2013 to 2018. Using this longitudinally linked data, the research unveils the entangled features of population dynamics in TIPs. With a focus on the effects of income inequality, the research explores migration dynamics in primary, return, and onward migrations in the context of regional inequality. Main research findings: (1) migration of TIPs is characterized by migration between areas of high income-high inequality and areas of low income-low inequality; (2) TIPs are much more migratory in areas of high income-high inequality than in areas of low income-low inequality; inequality in wealthy areas outweighs income in triggering migration, but migration in areas with high poverty and low inequality is triggered by low income gain; (3) repeat migration, particularly the return type, is characterized by a net gain of migrants moving from low poverty but high inequality areas into areas with high poverty but low inequality; (4) Onward migration of TIPs counters existing findings. The main reason why migration is less likely to promote TIPs social mobility is due to weak ethnic and socioeconomic connections between TIPs and non-TIPs population.
Keywords: Hard-to-reach population. Indigenous peoples. Inequality. Migration dynamics. Open data. Population dynamics.
Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Mr. Ruey-Ying Wang for his decade-long administrative assistance and promotion in this research program. We acknowledge excellent research assistance from Ms. Ya-Sen Sun.
Author contributions JPL serves as research PI who contributes to research conception, design, building open data and repository, and analysis. MCL serves as research co-PI who contributes to research conception, design, material preparation, and quality checking. CYK, HCW, CCL, and CYL serve as research coordinator who contributes to material preparation and quality checking. Manuscripts are written by JPL, and other coauthors collaborate to improve manuscript preparation and quality checks. JPL submits the final manuscript.
Funding The research is mainly supported by grants of “Research on Contemporary Taiwan Indigenous Peoples” from Council of Indigenous Peoples in 2013-2022. The research is also granted by National Science and Technology Council, grant numbers: MOST 106-2420-H-001-008-MY2; MOST 106-2420-H-156-001-MY2; MOST 109-2420-H-001-003; MOST 109-2420-H-156-001; NSTC 112-2410-H-001-075-MY2. We appreciate some research grants from Academia Sinica.
Data availability The research complies with main principles of open science: open data, open source, open methods, and open access. The authors report that research data, computing codes, and supplementary information are openly available without restrictions in Open Science Framework (OSF https://osf.io/) at https://osf.io/bs39t/. The license of research data and computing codes is GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 3.0.
Code availability See “Data availability”
Supplementary information See “Data availability”
Declarations
Ethical approval Ethic approvals were granted by Council of Indigenous Peoples (CIP), National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Academia Sinica (AS). The research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines provided by CIP, NSCT, and AS.
Competing interests The authors report there are no competing financial or non-financial interests to declare.
本研究成果为台湾原住民族委员会(https://www.cip.gov.tw/)所支持的台湾原住民基础开放研究资料库(TIPD, https://osf.io/e4rvz/)的部分成果。该研究项目主要获得原住民族委员会的经费支持,部分资金来源于台湾科技部计划及中央研究院。本计划旨在解决原住民基础资料匮乏的问题,自2013年至2022年,历时十年,秉持无预设立场,充分尊重学术专业独立性与自主性,对研究计划给予支持。在此期间,三位主任委员孙大川(项目推动者)、林江义及夷将·拔路儿给予了大力支持。行政支援及协调方面,原民会综合规划处王瑞盈前处长作出了卓越贡献,若无其专业支援及丰富行政经验,本项目难以顺利进行,研究团队在此对王前处长表示衷心感谢。
项目负责人亦对共同主持人李明政教授表示感激,两人十年的默契与合作令人难忘。在这十年间,原民会在研究经费、资料、计算机硬件设备及行政方面给予了大力协助,国科会亦提供了长期的研究经费支持,使研究团队能够充分发挥,不受资料及计算设备限制。主持人在2013年已深知这是一个难得的机会,错过将不复返,因此在这十年间全心投入,运用科学计算技术和数据科学理论,结合高效能及超级运算设备,全力投入原住民基础研究,建立各类大型开放数据库,并毫无保留地对外开放,供国内外自由使用(参考TIPD: 台湾原住民基础开放研究资料库 https://osf.io/e4rvz/)。
本研究采用的方法及技术极具前瞻性,成果已受到国际重要学术机构的关注。国际知名‘开放科学研究中心’(COS,Center for Open Science,参考 https://www.cos.io/ 及简介 https://www.cos.io/about)主动联系并邀请主持人进行视频专访,访谈内容涉及当代台湾原住民及原住民基础开放研究资料库的研究缘起、过程、方法、影响、未来发展趋势,以及过去15年的研究成果,以及如何利用开放数据、开放科学及科学计算,使‘濒临消失’的台湾原住民重新浮出水面,成为显性人口。COS将访谈内容整理成文字稿公布,读者遍布全球,影响深远,访谈稿原文链接如下:https://www.cos.io/blog/taiwan-indigenous-peoples?hs_preview=QUOrJLoo-176808682520
COS设计并完成的‘开放科学架构’(OSF,Open Science Framework,参考 https://osf.io/)是全球研究计划最大的注册中心,目前已有超过60万全球研究人员在此注册。TIPD作为OSF的重要组成部分,已成为全球最大的开放科学及研究计划注册单位,影响力巨大。2013年项目开始时,COS刚成立,OSF架构也处于初创阶段,2015年初,主持人决定将重要产出TIPD放在OSF时,全球也仅有五百多个研究计划在OSF公开;主持人在OSF初创阶段,以TIPD放在OSF的经验,至少有四年时间主持人亦同时为OSF提出架构改善及建议,与OSF合作紧密,因此他们深知原民会支持的研究项目及TIPD的研究进程,TIPD与OSF可谓同步成长。
十年磨一剑,在完成基础研究及克服核心问题后,真正的大戏才刚刚开始。我们感到无比自豪与欣慰,能再次将台湾原住民全面推向国际舞台!
提供机构:
Center For Open Science



